CRYPTONEMIACE^. 



[ 176 ] 



CRYSTALLOGRAPHY. 



chotomous, horny, of very dense structure. 

 Tetraspores strung together, contained in 

 superficial wart-hke sori. 



VIIL Polyides. Root scutate. Frond 

 cylindrical, dichotomous, cartilaginous. Fa- 

 vellce contained in spongy external warts. 

 Tetraspores scattered through the peripheric 

 stratum of the frond, cruciate. 



IX. Furcellaria. Root branching. 

 Frond cylindrical, dichotomous, cartilagi- 

 nous. FavellcB unknown. Tetraspores deeply 

 imbedded among the filaments of the peri- 

 phery, in the swollen pod-like upper branches 

 of the frond, transversely zoned. 



Subtribe 3. Gastrocarpe^. Frond 

 gelatinously membranaceous or fleshy, often 

 of lax structure internally. Favellidia im- 

 mersed in the central substance of the frond, 

 very numerous, 



X. Dumontia. Frond cylindrical, tubular, 

 membranaceous. Tufts of spores attached 

 to the w^all of the tube inside. 



XL Halymenia. Frond compressed or 

 flat, gelatinoso-membranaceous, the mem- 

 branous surfaces separated by a few slender, 

 anastomosing filaments. Masses of spores 

 attached to the inner face of the membra- 

 nous wall. 



XIL Ginannia. Frond cylindrical, dicho- 

 tomous, traversed by a fibrous axis; the 

 walls membranaceous. Masses of spores 

 attached to the inner face of the membra- 

 nous wall. 



XIIL Kallymenia. Frowc? expanded, leaf- 

 like, fleshy- membranous, solid, of dense 

 structm-e. Favellidia like pimples, half im- 

 mersed in the frond, and scattered over its 

 surface. 



XIV. Iridcea. Frond expanded, leaf-like, 

 thick, fleshy-leathery, solid, of dense struc- 

 ture. Favellidia wholly immersed, densely 

 crowded. 



XV. Catenella. Frond filiform, branched, 

 constricted at intervals into oblong articula- 

 tions ; the tube filled with lax filaments. 



Subtribe 4. Gloiocladie^. Frond 

 loosely gelatinous, the filaments of which it is 

 composed lying apart from one another, sur- 

 rounded by a copious gelatine. Favellidia 

 immersed among the filaments of the peri- 

 phery. 



XVI. Cruoria. Frow£?crustaceous,skin-like. 



XVII. Naccaria. Frond filiform, solid, 

 cellular ; the ramuli only composed of radi- 

 ating free filaments. 



XVIII. Gloiosiphonia, Frond tubular, 

 hollow ; the walls of the tube composed of 

 radiating filaments. 



XIX. Nemaleon. Frond filiform, solid, 

 elastic, filamentous; the axis composed of 

 closely -packed filaments; the periphery of 

 moniliform free filaments. 



XX. Dudresnaia. Frond filiform, solid, 

 gelatinous, filamentous ; the axis composed 

 of a network of anastomosing filaments ; the 

 jjeriphery of moniliform free filaments. 



XXI. Crouania. Frond filiform, consist- 

 ing of a jointed filament, whorled at the 

 joints with minute, multifid, gelatinous ra- 

 muli. 



BiBL. Harvey, Marine Algae; Derbes et 

 Sober, Ann. des Sc. nat 3 ser. xiv. 273. 

 See also the Genera. 



CRYPTOSPORIUM, Kze.— A genus of 

 Sphaeronemei (Coniomycetous Fungi). Mi- 

 croscopic Fungi growing upon bark and 

 leaves, producing spindle-shaped spores, at 

 first conglutinated beneath the epidermis of 

 the nurse-plant. Two species have been re- 

 corded as British. 



1. C. Caricis, Corda. Heaps of spores 

 punctiform; spores slightly curved, dark 

 brown and pellucid. On leaves of various 

 sedges. Corda, ajmd Sturm, Deutschl. Flor. 

 t. 1. 



2. C. vulgare, Fries. Heaps confluent ; 

 spores curved, black (subhyaline). On dead 

 twigs of birch, hazel, alder, &c. Corda, he. 

 t. li. (Mr. Berkeley thinks this not con- 

 generic with C. Caricis.) 



BiBL. Berkeley and Broome, Ann. of Nat. 

 Hist. 2 ser. v. p. 371 ; Fries, Syst. Myc. iii. 

 p. 481. 



CRYSTALLINE, or CRYSTALLINE 

 LENS. See Eye. 



CRYSTALLOGRAPHY.— The laws of 

 crystallography teach us that in perfectly 

 formed crystals, each peculiar chemical com- 

 bination corresponds to a distinct relation of 

 all the angles which can possibly arise from 

 the primary form ; hence by ascertaining the 

 latter, we can infer the former. It was our 

 intention to have given a sketch of the me- 

 thod of determining the primary forms of 

 the most common microscopic crystals, and 

 the systems to which they belong ; but our 

 space is far too limited for this purpose, so 

 that we must rest satisfied with a reference 

 to works specially devoted to the subject. 



The angular inclination of the facets of 

 small crystals is in many cases easily deter- 

 mined, by viewing the crystals in all posi- 

 tions, and measuring the angles with the 

 Goniometer. When possible, the crystals 

 should be held by the forceps, or fixed to 

 them by the aid of melted wax, or Canada 



