SPHiEROCARPUS. [ 



Fig. 658. Fig. 659. 



586 ] 



SPH/ERONtEMA. 



Fig. 

 Fig. 



Xylaria grammica. 



658. Nat. size. 



659. Horizontal section. Magnified 5 diameters. 



Fig. 662. 



Fig. 660. 



Fig. 661. 



Sphseria elongata. 



Fig. fifiO. Erumpent lines of perithccia. Nat. size. 

 Fig. 661. Portion of one in end view. Magnified 20 



diameters. 

 Fig. 662. Asci and paraphA'ses from a perithecium. 



Magnified 200 diameters. 



SPHiEROCARPUS, Kutz. = Stauro- 



CARPUS. 



SPH.EROCARPUS, Mich.— A genus of 

 Riccie?e (Hepaticaceae). S. terrestris (fig. 

 ()63) is a minute Liverwort growing on the 

 ground, it is said especially in clover-fields. 



The fronds are from 1-4 to 1-2" long, pahsh 

 green, very thin and membranous, the lower 

 surface adhering to the ground by radical hairs. 



Fig. 663. 



Sphaerocarpus terrestris. 



A frond with perichsetes containing sporanges ; one cut 



open. 



IMagnified 10 diameters. 



The middle part of the upper surface bears a 

 quantity of fruits which consist at first of 

 archegonia and antheridia, like those of other 

 Liverworts, surrounded by a cup -like open 

 perichsete (?), which gradually grows up over 

 the fertihzed archegonium and closes at the 

 to]), so as to form a pyriform sac, presenting 

 an orifice at the summit. The archegonium 

 ripens into a globular sporange, containing 

 spores without elaters, crowned by a curious 

 little styliform process. The spores are dis- 

 charged by irregular rupture. The walls of 

 the sporange are composed of simple paren- 

 chymatous cells, without spiral-fibrous layers. 

 While the sporange is ripening, the perichaete 

 enlarges into a loose, obconical, green, mem- 

 branous sac, through the thin walls of which 

 the globular sporange is visible (fig. (^(}>'d). 



BiBL. Hook. Brit. Flor. ii. pt. 1. p. 103; 

 BischoiF, Nova Acta, xiii. p. 150 ; Linden- 

 berg, ibid.xy'm. p. 496; Yitt, Hooker's Journal 

 ofBot.xl\). 287(1847). 



SPH^ROCOCCUS, Stackh.— A genus 

 of Rhodymeniaceae (Florideous Algae), con- 

 taining one British species, S. coronopifolius, 

 having a flat, linear, distichously branched 

 frond of crimson colour and cartilaginous 

 texture, of fan-like outline; parenchymatous, 

 with an internal denser rib and cortical layer; 

 6 to 12" long. The upper branches have their 

 margins set with minute tooth-like processes, 

 about 1-24" long, in some of which the 

 spherical conceptacles are imbedded. 



BiBL. Harv. Brit. Mar. Alg. p. 128. pi. 

 16 B; Greville, Alg. Brit. pi. 15. 



SPHyERONiEMA, Fr. — A genus of 

 Sphaeronaemei (Coniomycetous Fungi), cha- 

 racterized chiefly by the spores which emerge 



