Teel et a\: Genetic analysis of juvenile Oncorhynchus ktsutch 



651 



ery smolts exceeded 64 million fish during the early 1980s 

 but have decreased to about 39 million in recent years, a 

 40% reduction (PSMFC^; NRC^). Nonetheless, the propor- 

 tion of hatchery coho salmon in nearshore marine waters 

 has remained high, averaging 74% in 1981-85 (Pearcy and 

 Fisher, 1990) and 78% in 1998-2000 (present study). This 

 result, therefore, leads to the conclusion that the number 

 of naturally produced juveniles in Oregon and Washington 

 coastal waters has also decreased proportionately during 

 this period. If so, wild populations of coho salmon may also 

 have experienced a decline in abundance on the order of 

 40%. 



Steep declines in Columbia River wild populations are 

 particularly evident. At the beginning of the 20"^ century, 

 populations in the Columbia River are thought to have 

 been the largest producers of coho salmon in the region 

 (Chapman, 1986; Lichatowich, 1989) and likely contributed 

 a substantial proportion to the nearshore population of ju- 

 venile salmon. At present, Columbia River juveniles pre- 

 dominate along the coast. However, these fish are almost 

 entirely releases from hatchery facilities and Columbia 

 River wild coho salmon are conspicuously absent. 



Acknowledgments 



We are grateful to George Milner and Paul Aebersold who 

 developed much of the allozyme baseline for coho salmon. 

 Sewall Young, Laurie Weitkamp, Kathleen Neely, Bill 

 Waknitz, Kathryn Kostow, Orlay Johnson, Ken Currens, 

 Eric Beamer, Scott Chitwood, Doug Cramer, Marc Miller, 

 and Jennifer Nielsen provided baseline samples. We thank 

 Ed Casillas, Ric Brodeur, Bob Emmett, Cindy Bucher, Susan 

 Hinton, Cheryl Morgan, Paul Bentley, and Joe Fisher for 

 providing coho salmon samples and data from their coastal 

 salmon surveys. This study was supported in part by funds 

 from the Bonneville Power Administration and the U.S. 

 GLOBEC program as part of an initiative to understand 

 the effects of ocean dynamics on salmon populations. 



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