BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 339 



are the result of the disturbing effects of reagents, let it be remarked 

 liere that precisely similar cliauges have been observed in the living 

 nuclei of both plants and animals. 



Xo connecting granular fibers could, as a rule, be clearly made out 

 between the aggregations at the opposite poles of the nucleus. The 

 connecting lines, when present, appeared to be more or less broken as 

 represented in our sketches, and only a faint outline of the nuclear field 

 between the aggregations could be clearly made out. Xeither was it 

 ])0ssible to find any granular lines radiating outwards from and beyond 

 the ends of the aggregations into the surrounding protoplasm of the cell 

 in which the nuclei were embedded. 



This condition is in very marked contrast with that constantly ob- 

 served in the connective tissue-cells of the oyster, one of which is rep- 

 resented in Fig. 22 enlarged 800 times. Here a complex network of 

 granular threads passes outwards in all directions from the irregular 

 nucleus through the enveloping protoplasm ; besides the threads there 

 are usually one or two globular granular accessory bodies present, as 

 shown in the figure. A still more complex arrangement of granular 

 threads around the nucleus is shown in Fig. 23 of a cell, enlarged 1 ,000 

 times, from the reproductive tissues of the smooth limpet, GrepirJnla 

 (jlauca. This last figure is from a sketch made two years ago from fresh 

 material studied in neutral fluid. 



THE ]>£STRU€TfO]\ OF YOIJXG FISH BY Ui\SUITABr.E FISHINO 



IMJPIiEMElVTS. 



By B. P. CHADWICK. 



Bradfoed, Mass., December 23, 1881. 

 Prof. Spencer F. Baird : 



Dear Sir: I take this method of calling your attention to a subject 

 that has occupied my mind for a long time, and that is, the destruction 

 of the young fish along our coast from Cape Henry to Xova Scotia, by 

 the use of ill-constructed nets, pounds, weirs, and traps of every descrip- 

 tion. For instance, in the seining of mackerel it often happens that 200 

 barrels are taken at a time; of this amount only 25 barrels are found to 

 be large enough to be of any value in the market, the other 175 barrels 

 are thrown back into the sea, all dead. This is a daily occurrence in a 

 hundred places, and countless millions of young fish are destroyed dur- 

 ing the mackerel season annually. The catch of mackerel is of vast 

 importance to this country, and the useless destruction of the young 

 fish is four times the amount of that sold as food. This wanton waste 

 of the young fish can all be avoided by act of Congress, compelling 

 fishermen to use seines, the mesh of which is large enough for the young 

 of a useless size to pass through ; thus there would be no fish taken ex- 

 cept such as are marketable. This subject is probably nothing new to 



