BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 207 



I Translation.] 

 PACHAI.Y'S CAR FOK TRAIVSPOKTIIVO FISH.* 



[From " Deutsche Fischeri-Zeitung," No. 43, Stettin, October 25, 1881.] 



Some time ago we informed our readers that a joint-stock company had 

 been formed for transporting fresh salt-water fish from Cnxhaven to 

 Berhn, in specially constructed cars. The originator of this i)lan, and, 

 as it seems, the soul of the enterprise, is the inventor of the car, Mr. 

 Arno Gustav Pachaly, from Mittelgrund, in Bohemia. His invention 

 has been patented in the German Empire, March 20, 1880, and the letter 

 granting the patent says the following regarding it: 



''The transporting car is a railroad car, which can be taken off the 

 wheels, the walls of which are double, the spaces between the walls be- 

 ing filled with non-conductors of heat. The top and lateral walls have 

 a threefold covering. 



"In the interior of the car, and resting on the double bottom, there is 

 a sliallow tank of forged iron with a vaulted roof, on which a stove-pipe 

 is fastened, similar to the stove-pipe frequently seen in the cabins in 

 fishing vessels. This stove-pipe has slanting sides, and can be closed air- 

 tight with a lid. Along the inside walls of the car there are shelves for 

 dead fish. Ice-boxes fastened to the ceiling serve to keep the car cool. 



''In order to supply the live fish in the tank with fresh air, the air is 

 from the top of the car led through pipes into the ice-boxes, kept there 

 until it is sufficiently cool, and thence, by means of an air-pump fastened 

 to the lower side of the bottom of the car, forced into the tank. The 

 necessary power is, during the journey, supplied by the motion of the 

 car, the axis of one of its wheels being connected with the disk of the air- 

 pump by means of belts. In order to protect the fish against tbe dan- 

 ger of suffocation during long stoppages, the disk of the air-pump is so 

 arranged that it can be turned by means of a crank. Each car has, for 

 cases of emergency, an extra air-pump, which is placed in a line with 

 and to the right of the one in general use. 



"In order to prevent superfluous air from entering the ice-box, and 

 also with a view of keeping the air above the water in the tank at a slight 

 tension, so as to prevent any violent motion of the water, the stove-pipe 

 of the tank has a lid at the top, composed of four parts, and fastened 

 by screws. To this lid a rubber-tube can be screwed, after the car has 

 been loaded, the other end of the tube being fastened to the ceiling of the 

 car. 



" For letting the water off" from the tank, it has an opening in the 

 bottom, with a stop-cock, and with fn arrangement for fastening a tube 

 to it. 



"At one end of the car there is a compartment for the person in charge 

 of the fish. A double door leads from this compartment into the one 

 where the fish are kept; and a person can, therefore, even during the 

 journey, easily pass from one compartment to the other. 



* "Der Fishtrausportwagen von Pachaly." Translated by Herman Jacobson. 



