BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 277 



(not counting local and borne consumption) to the enormous weight of 

 500,000 pounds, and the cash receipts for salmon in Restigouche Countv 

 that year amounted to more than $40,000, besides which some $5,000 

 was expanded by anglers; this result was almost entirely brought about 

 by artificial proi)agation. A new hatchery of size sufidcient to produce 

 five million young hsh annually will no doubt soon be erected by the 

 Dominion Government upon this river. 



A somewhat similar record might be given of the river Saguenay. 

 Some years ago anglers and net fishers of this river said it was useless 

 to lease from the department, as the scarcity of salmon was such as not 

 to warrant the outlay. A hatchery w^as built, and this state of things 

 is now wonderfully changed; so much so, indeed, that in 1878 salmon, 

 from the great numbers which were taken at the tidal fisheries, became 

 a drug in the market, selling often as low as three cents per pound, and 

 angling in the tributaries was most excellent. 



Some one hundred million young salmon have been artificially hatched 

 and distributed in the waters of the Dominion during the last few years, 

 and new government hatcheries are constantly being erected. 

 Yours, &c., 



FEAXK TODD, 



Fishery Overseer^ Saint Croix District. 



FOOD OF THE .SHAD OF THF ATL.AIVTIC COA8T OF THE UIVITFD 



STATES (ABjOSA E»K.ESTABI1>DS DE KAY); AND THE FUNCTIOIVS OF 

 THE PALOKIC CiECA* 



By E. R. MORI>£€AI, M. D. 



1. The small size an<l the arrangement of the teeth would suggest that 

 the food of this fish is easy of prehension.t 



2. The gullet is cai)acious. 



3. The stomach, as is well known, consists of a conical, and gizzard 

 portion. The tissues of the former do not differ from those of the stom- 

 ach of an ordinarj^ fish. The latter is a powerful muscular apparatus, 

 terminating in a very constricted pyloric orifice. 



4. The pylorus opens into an intestinal tube neither remarkable for 

 its length nor breadth. 



5. The pyloric coeca are fusiform sacculi, varying in itumber, by my 

 enumeration, from sixty to a hundred — according to the development of 

 the fish. 



They enter the intestinal canal. The points of communication are 

 marked by depressions in the mucous membrane of the wall of the viscus. 

 Sometimes six or eight coeca will be found to open into a single dei)res- 

 siou. 



* Reprinted from a pamphlet entitled: Food | of the | shad of the Atlantic coast | 

 of the I United States, | (AlosaprsestabilisDe Kay); | and the | functions of the pyloric 

 cceca. I by | E. R. Mordecai, M. D., | Member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of 

 Philadelphia. | — | Philadelphia: | King «& Baird, Printers, 607 Sansom St. | 1860. 



tTho teeth are very minute. 



