( 18-^ ) 



(Orioius boneratensis, Siphia djampeanu aud kaluoensis, Monarcha everelti, I'uchy- 

 cephala everetti, Pitta virgincdia, Edolioaoma emancipata), and some {Cinnyris 

 teysmanni, Rhipidura celebensis, Dicaeum splendulum) of which the distribution 

 outside of these islands is, in my opinion, doubtful, and further, besides many wide- 

 spread species, we find of true CVlebensian species on Djampea, for example, the 

 Myzomela chloroptera and Macropygia macassarieiisis. On the same island is a 

 common bird, the Trichoi/lossus forsteni, hitherto only recorded from Sumbawa ! l'"rom 

 Timor we have invaders, as ilyiiiijra rufiijala and Lahuje timoriensift, and we might, 

 also count as such the Pitta and Dlcaeuia, which have their allies there, and others. 

 But I cannot see a species hitherto known from Flores, except some of the wide- 

 sjiread forms, among the birds of Djampea and Kalao, nor are the affinities of any 

 of the new forms with the Plores group, but rather with species from Timor or Celebes, 

 with the exception of Pachycephala everetti. It is, of course, possible that tliis is 

 partly due to our imperfect knowledge of the fauna of Hores, but we might possibly 

 better understand the greater connection with the Timor group if we knew the 

 birds of Ombai, Pantar, Lomblem, Solor, Adonara, Kalatua, etc., of all of which we 

 know very little or nothing at all. 



An interesting feature is also the occurrence of the large Tanygnathus megalo- 

 rhynckus on Djampea. Being chiefly an inhabitant of the Korthern Moluccas (its 

 place being taken by T. affi.nis in the Soidhei-n Moluccas), it is also known from some 

 islands skirting round the large island of Celebes, such as Sanghir, Talaut, and the 

 Togians, but never as yet found on the mainland of Celebes itself. 



The Celebensian species have evidently spread down to Djampea and Kalao by 

 the way of Saleyer, and it seems not very probable that forms inhabiting Djampea 

 and Kalao and not Saleyer are found in Celebes (cf. Cinnyris teysmanni — a bright 

 and lively little bird, which is not likely to be overlooked where it is anything like 

 common). 



A glance at the lepidoptera seems to show that they are much more related to 

 the fauna of the Lesser Sunda Islands, Hores, Timor, etc., than to that of Celebes. 



The ornis of Saleyer is evidently that of South Celebes in general, but some few- 

 forms of the Timor region seem to have invaded it, such as Pachycephala m-phea (see 

 Blittikofer, I.e.), Lulage timoriensis, Calornis minor, the latter two (and most likely 

 via Saleyer) extending also to South Celebes. CajDrimulgus macrunts also seems to 

 have reached Saleyer from the south, as it is not of usual occurrence in Celebes, if 

 found there at all. 



There are zoologists who are of the ojiiuion that the distribution of such un- 

 wearied creatures as the birds, which may Hy in one night to an island hundreds of 

 miles distant from another (though certainly not from Kgypt to Heligoland, as Giitke 

 wishes to make one believe, without even an indication of proof), is of less value than 

 that of such stationary animals as snails, shells, etc. However, I am not of the same 

 opinion. Experience teaches us that birds on small islands are as nuich, and often 

 much more, diflerentiated than any other animals. This is quite easy to understand, 

 for birds, on account of their strong wings, are able to resist the agencies of distribu- 

 tion : they cannot be driven from island to island with wood or weeds like shells and 

 insects ; they can resist even a strong wind, while insects never can, but are carried 

 away by it. In warmer climates most species find sufficient insects or vegetable food 

 throughout the year, the soil not being covered with snow and ice, nor all the lower 

 life disai)pearing for a long period. Therefore I hey are vei-y stationary, and must be 



