( 485 ) 



observed in cluron greater tliau the aiuount observed in kit/n/cloidi-.'i and Ijatln/rli-x. 

 As in wing-pattern batki/cloidcs and cluron are not always distingnishable with 

 certainty, while Ijathi/cles is more easily recognisable, the dissimilarity in the harpes 

 of hatlii/doidi'.s and i-Jnron is much greater than the difference between the haipes 

 of bathycloides and batlu/cles. Comparing f. 46 (bathi/cles) and 47 (Jjathi/(doide.s) 

 with f. 48 to 50, which represent chiron, we observe as main character of the 

 harpe of chiron that tlie dorsal ridge (e) is reduced to a small triangular tooth. 

 Besides, the dorsal tooth c stands nearer the ventral ridge owing to an increase in 

 iireadth of the ventral portion of the harpe ; the ventral spine has a somewhat 

 different direction, and the ventral ridge is differently shaped. 



The division of the ventral ridge of bathi/cles into twd lobes (f. 4*;) is in 

 f. 48, taken from a Shillong (Assam) example, more obvious ; in f. 49 (Sikkimj 

 the bifurcation is complete and the dentienlation is much reduced ; in an individual 

 from the Shan States (f. 50) the ridge is divided into tliree teeth. 



The ventral spine is either simple (f. 49), or denticulate at the tip. 



The dorsal, triangular, ridge varies a good deal in size, Imt to our knowledge 

 this variation is independent of locality, as is also the variation of the ventral ridge 

 and ventral spine of chiron. 



There often occur specimens of cliiron in which the ochreous costnl mark on 

 the underside of the hindwiug is wanting (ab. chironides), a character by which 

 also batlii/cloidi's is distinguislied from batlii/clcs; in the genital armature of 

 ab. chifonides there is no peculiarity, and we also failed to find any distinguishing 

 cliaracter in the genital armature of the spring specimens from Sikkim (broad- 

 banded) as comj)ared with the summer specimens (narrow-banded). 



The facts of variation illustrated by f. 40 to 50 arc as follows : — 



(1) The three subspecies of P. bathyclex, the Javau {bathi/cles), the Jlalayan 

 (bathycloides)^ and the Indian (chiron), have tlie harjie built up after the same plan, 

 Init the detail of the structure fnrnishes in the specimens e.xamined obvious dis- 

 tinguishing characters. 



i^Z) The Malayan and the Indian forms are nearest related in pattern, wliile the 

 Malayan and the Javan forms are nearest related iu the structure of the harpe. 



(3) The individuals of the sjiring and summer broods of chiron, and tlie specimens 

 of chiron ab. chiron and chiron ab. chironides, are in the genital armature the 

 same. 



1"-'. Papilio aristeus; f. Tti to s;i. 



This species ranges from Sikkim all over the Indo-Austialiau Arehipehigo, and 

 is replaced on Celebes and some islands south of it by a close ally (P. r/tesus), and on 

 the islands of the Bismarck Archipelago by another close ally (P. paron). Mr. Hotli- 

 schild, Xov. ZooL. I^95. ]>. 418, distinguishes four snl)s])ecies, which, arranged 

 according to the geograjihical position of thiMlistrict wlii(^h each of f hem inliabits, 

 are as follows : — 



(1) P. aristeus anticrates in Xnrthcrn India (Sikkim and .\ssam). 



(2) P. aristeus hermocrates from Upjier Burma to Timor and the rhiliii]iine 

 Islands. 



(3) P. aristeus aristeus on the Moluccas. 



(4) P. aristeus parmatas in (^>ueenslaud, on New (xuinea and AVaigen. 



