.092 ) 



the ring ol" nmnntjiiiis which together with it enclose tlie main crater of tlie 

 volcaiH); aud this higher part, which is hare of vegetation, is very steep. A thin 

 vajjorous smoke is always slnggishlv drifting from a crater on the top, bnt I 

 could not learn that there had been any regular eruption within the memory of 

 the natives, only that the amormt of smoke emitted varied considerably from 

 time to time. The main crater is extinct, and it is now filled with a lake of 

 tepid deep green water, which is known as the Segara Anak. It was viewed by 

 my assistant, Mr. J. M. Dumas, from the Sengkarien summit, which is next in 

 height to llinjaui Peak, and forms part of the southern lip of the crater, and 

 he also visited its shore from the nortiiern side, where it was possible to gain 

 access to it by the stream, tiie Sungei Putih, which carries off its overflow to 

 the sea in the north-eastern corner of the island. He roughly estimated the 

 expanse of water to extend some two miles in a north-west and south-east direction, 

 with a breadth of about one mile and a quarter. The Snngci Putih almost 

 immediately after its egress from the lake becomes of a milk-white colour, and 

 there are hot sjjrings at the sjjot. Some of the water brought down liad a strong 

 smell of sulphuretted hydrogen with a marked astringent taste. The interior of 

 the crater is more or less clothed with grass and with scattered Casnarina trees, 

 while the only kind of vegetation noticed in the lake itself consisted of a grass 

 with long, broad, flat leaves. No sign of fish was observed, but three species 

 of moUusca (Mclania, Falitdina, Corbula) were plentiful. The only land-birds 

 seen at the lake were PtiloUs virescens and Gh/ciphila oculartK, but a large 

 duck was present in abundance. Owing to the fact that my aneroid could not 

 be trust<'d beyond 4.")00 feet, it was unfortunately impossible to ascertain the 

 altitude of the lake. A small cone of black stones and sand about 400 i'eet in 

 height rises from the margin of the lake. Vapour was being emitted continually 

 from the top, and from time to time the stones and sand were seen to be in motion 

 down the steep sides. 



"The sontiiern range of mountains I was unable to visit in conse<|uence of 

 some troulije liaving arisen between the Government and the Sasaks in that 

 quarter. 



"The climate of Lomliok is much drier than that of .lava. On tlie coast and 

 lowlands it probably does not difter greatly from that of I'ali and Sambawa. Records 

 kept over a short series of years at Beliling (height of observing station O.JO feet) 

 in the former island give a mean annual rainfall of only 44\S inches, and at Bima 

 in the latter island (at sea-level) of 47 inches. Above 1(M)0 feet the fall must 

 be much heavier, .as 1 experienced several heavy falls in Jfay and June at 1.">(mi I'eet, 

 though the south-east monsoon was blowing steadily and the dry season well 

 set in, and at 40ii0 feet it rained or drizzled every day on the southern slojie of 

 the volcano. The nortiiern slope, however, ajipears to be much drier and warmer, 

 and the higliland jilants come ftirtjier down on that side. At l.">00 feet the 

 lowest night tem]iorature observed was 04 Fahr. At 2400 feet the extremes of 

 day and night temperature were 08' and 50" respectively, and at 4200 feet Gl 

 and .52'. These altitudes were taken with an aneroid, and are sufliciently accurate 

 for judging of the vertical range of the birds. The other altitudes which a])i)car 

 on the labels of my specimens in tliis collection must be regarded as still more 

 approximate. 



•'There does not appear to be any distinctively highland avifauna in Lombok, 

 and ahhongli a few sjiecies which occurred on the mountain were not iiK-t below. 



