( 405 ) 



have examined (Uily a few individuals, all of whieh have the median thin jiortion nf 

 the harpe (f. 12) longer than it is iu aegeus, especially than we fonnd it to be in 

 aegeus ormenus ; the suljmediati projection is broad and low, and the apical pro- 

 jection is likewise shorter than in aegeus. A comparison of f. 2 to 11 with 12 

 evidently shows, however, that the distinguishing points iu the liarjie of inopinatus 

 are of much less weiglit in the judgment of the speeilic distinctness of the insect 

 than the external features ; the difference between f. 4 and 5 and f 8 and 11 is far 

 greater than that between f. 12 {inopinatus) and 8 or 3 (rtegeus). 



4. Papilio tydeus : f. 13 to 10. 



This is the representative species of acgruti on the Northern Moluccas ; the 

 same reasons which induce us to treat inopinatii.s as specifically distinct apply also 

 to this insect. The external differences from aegeus are iu tgi/eus not (piite so great 

 as in inopinatus ; in opposition to this the harpe of tydeus differs much more widely 

 from that of aegeus. The clasper or valve of tydeus (f. 16) is larger than that of 

 aeqevs, and the harpe therefore longer. The submedian and apical projections 

 of the harpe are more bent over dorsally, as will be seen by comparing f. 1 and Ki. 

 The submedian projection is broad and high, and the apical one is conspicuously 

 higher and more erect than in the allies.- 



We have examined four individuals from Halmaheira aud tliree from Batjau ; 

 there is no localised difference in the harpe of tydeus. F. 13, 14, and 16 are taken 

 from Halmaheira individuals ; f. 15 represents the harpe of one of the Batjau 

 specimens. The variation in the form and length of the projections is obvious ; tlie 

 apical projection in f 15 is almost half as broad again as that in f. 14. 



The facts here illustrated are as follows : — 



(1) The variation of the pattern of tlie wings of P. aegeus ormenus is entirely 

 independent of the variation of the harpe. 



(2) The difference in the harpes of aegeus ormenus and aegeus aegeus is vei-y 

 slight and applies only to scarcely half of the number of specimens examined. 



(3) P. inopinatus, though in external characters very different from aegeus, 

 exhibits in the harpe only a slight, but according to the specimens examined rather 

 constant, difference from aegeus. 



(4) P. tydeus, which'^is in colour and pattern separated from aegeus by a less 

 wide gap, has the harpe in all the specimens examined conspicuously different from 

 that of aegeus and inopinatus. 



(5) If we take the length of the harpe = 100, the ]>rojections measured from 

 the plane of the valve to the tip of the projections vary iu length as follows : — 



P. aegeus : submedian projection from 18 to 33 ; apical projection from 33 to 45. 



P. inopinatus „ „ )> 18 ; ,, „ „ 32. 



P. tydeus „ „ „ 30 to 33 ; „ „ „ 51 to 63. 



Or, iu aeycws the variation of the submediau projection amounts to 50 jier cent, of 

 the length of longest submedian jirojectiou observed, wliil(> the variation of the 

 apical projection is 27 per cent. 



(0) P. aegeus and tydeus differ somewhat iu the size au<l outline of the valve. 



