( 489 ) 



is almost shaped as in iir/s/r//s aris/i'>/.s aii<l an'sti'/z-s jjarwit //■•', luit the basi- dorsal 

 portion of tlie half-ring is much hij;'her than in these subspecies ; f. 84 gives a 

 dorsal view of the ridge. 



The affinities of rkesiis are as follows : in the pattern of the wings it comes 

 nearest to hrmocratcs, in the form of the dorsal lobe of the valve and the subdorsal 

 process nearest to rmticrafen and hiTmocrates, in the form of the ventral ridge 

 nearest to aristeus and /xtrmufNs. 



Tiie facts of variatiim illnstrated liy f. 72 to 85 are as follows: — 



(1) P. aristeus hermocrates exhibits obvious variability in the shape of the 

 dorsal lobe of the valve ; the extreme specimens come very near anticrates and 

 aristeus respectively. 



(2) That Shan States in<lividual of hermorfotes which is most " typical " in 

 pattern has the dorsal lobe nearly identical with anticrates., while a specimen from 

 the same locality which in pattern is almost identical with certain North Indian 

 individuals of anticrates has the dorsal lobe much narrower. 



(3) There are no intergradations between the form of the ventral ridge of 

 aristeus i/itnnatiis, ar/ste/it< aristeii.i, and rhesus on one side, and aristeus anticrates 

 and aristei/.-: hermocrates on the other. 



(4) The two Eastern sulispecies, parmatus and aristeus, geogra])hieally the 

 nearest related, are identical in the genital armature and cons]ncnonsly diit'ereut in 

 pattern. 



(5) The two subspecies, anticrates and parmatus, iuhal)iting the extreme parts 

 of the I'ange are in pattern closely related, and in the genital armature very 

 different. 



14. Papilio alciuous from Jajian, the Loo Choo Islands, Formosa, and China; 



Nov. ZooL. 189.5. t. VI. 



China is inhabited by several forms related to the Japanese alcinous, namely 

 confusus, iinpediens, plutoniiis, and mencius. Of these we shall taki? here into 

 consideration only the first, confusus, which differs externally in the S from the 

 Jajianese Papilio in the body being more extended red, especially in the front of 

 the head being clothed with red and with black hairs (while in the Japanese insect 

 the head is all black), and in the submarginal spots of the hindwing being generally 

 more brilliant red. The Formosa siJecimens agree with this Chinese form in colour, 

 and so do the individuals from the Loo C!hoo Islands. The examination of the 

 harjies of a long series of Chinese and Japanese indiNiduals led to remarkable 

 results which are laid down in Vol. II. of this journal. Tlie results were as follows: — 



The harjie of the lilack-headed Japanese insect is, in all specimens examined, 

 very different from the har])e of the (.'hinese individuals, except in one individual 

 which has the harpe like tlie Chinese sjiecimeus. 



The red-headed Loo Choo specijneus have the harpe like tlie black-headed 

 Japanese specimens. We have here, therefore, a combination of the external 

 characters of the Chinese form with the genital characters of the Japanese form. 



Amongst the red-lieaded Chinese specimens one was found in whicli the harpe 

 has tlie dentate ridge of tlie Japanese firm and the free apical process of the 

 normal Chinese form, and hence combines the characters of the iiarjie uf the red- 

 headed Chinese and black-headed Japanese Piqulios. 



33 



