( 493 ) 



Tlie varions snbsjiedes do not exhibit an_v obvious difference in the form of the 

 ridge, except perhaps the forms from the Molnccas. We liave examined only one 

 individual of the two subspecies from Amboina and Halmaheira. These individuals 

 showed some difference in the length of the lateral teeth ; but as in the Indian, 

 Bornean, and Philippine insects, of which we have examined several specimens, the 

 teeth vary according to the individual specimens, the difference in the Halmaheira 

 and Amboina examples can just as well be due to individual as to subspecific 

 variation. In the male sex we have found that the various subspecies are in the 

 genital armature connected by intergradations, but that nearly all the specimens of 

 each subspecies are pretty well recognisable by the form of the harpe. In i\\e.fcm'.de 

 sex the difference in the vaginal armature, if present, is certainly much fainter; but 

 we shall see later on that the difference corresponding to that in the harpes does not 

 exist in the chitiuised processes, but in the folding of the membrane, and is, when 

 slight, not perceivable in consequence of the shrivelling of the membrane in the dry 

 specimens. 



18. Papilio ambrax : f. 103. 



Though in pattern the female of this species comes very near that of P. jjolytes 

 nicanor, so near indeed that entomologists like Kirsch and Snellen have mistaken 

 it for polyfen, there is a constant and very conspicuous difference in the vaginal 

 armature of the two species. F. 162 represents the apparatus of a specimen 

 from New Guinea ; the ventral jirocess a of f. 101 is here wanting, and this 

 character we have found to be constant in all the twenty o<M. females of ambrax 

 examined. Besides, the lower lateral tooth is generally somewhat shorter than in 

 poh/fes. The variability of the ridge is similar to that oi polytes. The Queenslandian 

 subspecies does not, to our knowledge, present any distinguishing character from the 

 New Guinean subspecies in the form of the ridge. 



The representative species from the Bismarck -Archipelago and the Solomon 

 Islands we have not yet examined. 



19. Papilio aegeus ; f 103 to 109, 170. 

 The individual variability of the vaginal armature is in this species verv 

 great, while an examination of a longer series of specimens from New Guinea 

 {aegeus ormeniis) and Queensland {aegcus aegeus) proved that the variation accord- 

 ing to locality is very slight. The vagina is surrounded by three high processes 

 which are dilatations of a high ridge. The position and general form of the armature 

 is rejiresented by the half-diagrammatic figure 10.5. The ventral process is the 

 largest, and is narrowed from the middle towards the base and the apex ; the apical 

 half is dentate, divided by a median sinus into two lobes of variable length (f. 106 

 and 107), and is curved dorsally (f. 163); veutrally the ridge is, like the processes 

 of r. machaon, longitudinally concave, and is provided with a rounded middle keel 

 (f. 104, m) which does not reach the apex. The lateral process b is seldom 

 simple in outline; mostly it is more or less strongly dentate (f. 106). Above the 

 orifice of the vagina » there stands the supravaginal tubercle t. The intersegmental 

 membrane is, moreover, raised into a vertical fold/(f. 103 and 164), wliich stands 

 in connection with the vaginal ridge. 



a. P. aegeus ormeniis-. f. 10.3 to 100, ITii. 



The female of this subspecies is polymor|ihic. As in the case of P. polytes, 

 we have found no cliaracters in the genital armature peculiar to one or the other of 



