c sfii ) 



etesipe and achaemeih^s there i>: n ilorsnl honlc. Cliardxes -inqhi has the twisted 

 apical process, but, besides, in tlie middle of the ventral edc;e a long slender tooth : 

 and Ch. Ik-has M\i\ jjaphianKS have, besides a long apical hook, a sharj) tooth npon 

 the outer side of this hook. 



The so-called peuis (PL XIVa. f. -2:. P) is often slightly angnlated before the 

 end (in the typical Chnm.ces, jasoii, etc.), or is straight (or n(>arly so) ; it represents 

 a cylinder which is compressed at the end, liears the opening jnst before the apex, 

 and has the apical portion membraneous ventrally in the middle line. The upper- 

 side is provided with teeth which are directed distad ; their position and numbei' 

 are often remarkably different in not closely allied species, whil<> in close allies the 

 penis armature is often the same. Thus in all Kulepis we find a solitary tooth befor<' 

 the ajiex (Fig. lo): in fabitis and its relative cfi'slpe the penis is dilated H mm. 



^ 



Fin 15. Kici. Id. 



before the ape.x, and this dilated pari is luavily denticulate (Fig. Ki) : in Palhi the 

 tip of tlie penis is slightly thickened and densely toothed ; in pHa phon and allies it is 

 denticulate above (PI. XIVa. f. 'i'l) ; and so on. The function of these teeth seems 

 to be to prevent the chitinized sheath (penis) of the ductus ejacnlatorius going too 

 deeply into the vaginal cavity, by catching hold of the wall of that cavity, so that, 

 by further pressure upon the apparatus, the membraneous ductus ejacnlatorius can 

 )irotrude and enter the rather long duct of the so-called bursa copulatri.x. 



The most interesting part of the mule apparatus is the iienis-fnnnel, which I 

 have found in Eulepis, Charaxcs, and Kuxantlw, and only here. It does not occui' 

 in any of the other relatives of Chara.re-s, such as Vulbi, A/i"i'ii, Prothor, J'repomt, 

 etc., nor have I met with it in any other Nymphaline butterfly that I have 

 compared. 



In consequence of the absence of the penis-funnel from Falla, the opening 

 foi' the penis in the membrane covering the ninth segment between the valves 

 (PI. XIVa. f. 2'.t) is in a ventral view plainly visible, and it is apparent that the 

 penis, when protruding, has a more ventral position than in Charcues^ Eulepis, and 

 Evxantlie. This position of the penis may exi)lain the difference in the shape of the 

 valves of Palla and Charaxes, Eulepis and Euxantlie ; in the lattei' three genera 

 the hook-like process of the valve that serves to fix the sexes together is dorsal 

 (PI. XIVa. f. 24), while in P((Ua (PI. XIVa. f. 2T) the valve is produ.^ed ventraUy 

 into a long sharp hook (PI. XIVa. f. 27. 2S). 



There are some more conspicuous points of difference between the two last 

 segments of Palhi and Charaxcs, as will be seen liy (comparing figures 24 to 29 of 

 Plate XIVa. The ninth segment is much larger than in Charaxcs; the ventral 

 jiortion is especially enlarged, covering the extreme base of the valves in a ventral 

 view (PL XIVa. f. 20). The tenth stcrnite is rather slenderer than in Chat-axes, and 

 the tenth tergite is produced into a long, slender, very sharp and strong median hook. 

 In this latter character I'alla agrees with many S ijmphali iiae, while the divided 

 tenth tergite of a number of Charaxcs and Eulepis and of Eiixanthe is quite 

 exceptional. 



K.J. 



