( 348 ) 



All we will say hero is that seasonal vai-iation cannot be stnilied withont havinj; 

 jiroperly dated material ; most collectors do not give tiie Mate of capture of their 

 specimens, iu fact one rarely meets with properly dated specimens in otherwise 

 important collections of exotic Lcpidoptera. Bnt this is not so much the fault of the 



field Lepidopterist, who, if pro- 

 <i -i/iS perly instructed, could easily give 



the date of cajjture of each speci- 

 men on the paper, as of the home 

 Lepidopterist who does not give 

 the proper instruction, being 

 satisfied with recei\'ing the 

 name of the locality (which 

 many collectors do not even put 

 on the sj)ecimens I). Amongst 

 the material which was placed 

 at my disposal, that obtained 

 by Dr. Ansorge in East Africa, 

 Dr. Roth in the Niger Coast 

 Protectorate, and by the late 

 Mr. 0. Jloller in iSikkim, was 

 of the greatest help to me on 

 account of the careful labelling. 



The nomenclature of the 

 iieuration adopted in this mono- 

 graph is brought into accordance 

 with the distribution of the 

 tracheae in the pupal wing, and 

 difl'ers slightly from that usually 

 employed in Great Britain. In 

 the wing of the chrysalis we find 

 five principal tracheae : (1) the 

 costal trachea, which is simple, 

 sending out only a very thin 

 branch uear the base ; ("-i) the 

 subcostal trachea, with five 

 branches ; (3) the radial trachea, 

 with three branches ; (4) the 

 median trachea, with two 

 branches ; and (.")) the sub- 

 median system of four tracheae. 

 The basal portion of the radial 

 trachea becomes obliterated, and 

 the radial branches are joined to each other and to the subcostal and median 

 tracheae by means of secondary transverse tracheae. Thus the upper radial branch 

 becomes united with the subcostal system by a trachea developing from a sub- 

 costal branch, while the lower radial is joined to the median system by a branch 

 thrown oft' from tlic upper median trachea, facts which have been made known 

 by the researches of Haase, Spnler, and others. In the wing of the imago, the 



Fig. 1. 



