( 386 ) 



liairs are restricted to these grooves. In the size and shape as well as in the 

 position of the grooves there is a great variety, bnt they are never entirely absent, 

 though on the clnb sometimes only slightly marked. The ventral median line 

 is carinit'orm, and there are, at the external side of the grooves, two more carinae ; 

 only in a very few forms the carinae become obsolete. The ventral sense-bristles 

 are surprisingly regular in position, though they are sometimes obliterated ; there 

 is a basal pair of bristles, close to the median curina, and a lateral pair at the 

 external side of the grooves, which is median, basal, or apical in position. The 

 scaling varies in extent more than in any other family; many species have no scales 

 on the antennae, the greater proportion of Syni}jhfili(lae has the ventral surface not 

 scaled, and in numerous species the not-scaled area is restricted to the distal joints. 

 The setiferous punctures are rather coarse at the sides of the antennae without scales, 

 or of such which have only the dorsal snrlace scales. 



a. CALLINAGINAE. 



The scaling is confined to the dorsal side of the proximal joints. The scales 

 are very narrow, resembling those of Luehdorfia and certain Pnrnassius (stub- 

 bendorfi). Ventrally each joint has the mesial line raised to a distinct carina (f. 47). 

 Laterally there is an oblong, very deep, impression; the two impressions are far 

 apart; in the figure, which gives a ventral view of the joint, the grooves appear 

 much too narrow. The fine sense-hairs are equally distributed over the grooves. 

 Rest of ventral surface and sides beset with setiferous punctures. Close to the 

 mesial edge of each groove, not far from the base of the joint, there stands a sense- 

 bristle; a second pair of bristles is situated laterally at some distance from the 

 dorsal raised edge of the grooves between the middle and apes of the joint. 



h. PSEDDERGOLINAE. 



Like the jtreceding subfamily, the present one contains only one genus. Though 

 I do not think that it is correct to keep Pseudergolh separate from the Nymphalinae 

 on acconnt of the development of the forelegs of the female, I describe here the 

 antennae separately merely for the sake of convenience. 



The antenna is scaled dorsally; ventrally the joints are bare of scales, except 

 the most proximal ones. Each joint has two ventral grooves extending from the 

 base to the apex of the joint, of nearly equal width throughout (f. 48). The grooves 

 are close together, separated only by a sharp high median keel ; laterally the 

 grooves are also limited by a distinct carina. The fine sense-hairs are evenly 

 distriVmted within the groove. Each groove has a sense-bristle basally at the slojnng 

 side of the median carina. A second bristle stands laterally beyond the middle of 

 the joint between the lateral carina and the scaled portion of the joint. 



c. LIBYTHEINAE. 



The scaling is restricted to the dorsal surface of tlie antenna; it extends either 

 to the very tip of the antenna (f. 49, L. celtis), or the last joints are not scaled 

 (f. 50, L. antipoda). The scales are mostly three- or four-toothed. The naked 

 ventral area has three carinae, including between themselves two grooves which 

 reach from the base to the apex of the joint (f. 51). On the proximal joints of the 

 stalk the inner groove is narrower than the onter one (f. 51), as is the case in 



