( 384 ) 



(1) All the joints are covered with seuse-hnirs from the base to the apex ventrally 

 d'. 41 , P. nmhrax ? ). Snch a distribntion does not occur in /naJes, it being a 

 character confined to the female sex, especially of sexually dimorphic and dichro- 

 matic species ( P. ombrax, memnon, merope, etc.). (2) The uot-scaled area of the 

 stalk is covered with fine sense-hairs (f 38, Lt'pfocircus), but on the joints of the 

 club the sense-hairs are restricted to the base of the joints (f. 39, Leptocirciis). 

 (3) The sense-hairs occupy the basal half or more of the joints; the hairy area is 

 mesially a little more extended tliau laterally (f. 36, P. agamemnon). Tliis type 

 appears in the species of Haase's sabgeuns (^o.imodgsmus (P. m/icnrei/s, nj'ij-, 

 podaliriui, etc.). (4) The hairs restricted to the basal portion of the joint as in (3), 

 but the hairy area deeply sinuate in the middle line (f. 42, P. ambrax cf ), often divided 

 into two patches. (;>) The hairs restricted to the lateral jjrooves (f. 40, P. philoxenuit) 

 ill all the spe(^ies which have such grooves. 



The sense-bristles resemble sometimes in arrangement those of certain 

 Ilesperiidae and Li/caejiidae, but are mostly much more irregular in position. A 

 nearly regular series of bristles is found on the joints of the clnb of Leptocireus 

 (f 30, lateral view); an indication of a transverse series we met with in P. apamem- 

 non and some allies (figs. 3(i, 37). A lateral pair of bristles is found in nearly all 

 species (figs. 36, 4^;), and there are also generally some subapical ones. In the 

 species with grooves we observe here and there some bristles between the two 

 grooves (f. 40). 



The scaling is most extended in f.t^ptorircis, where it covers the whole dorsal 

 surface, except the last joint, and occupies also a great portion of the lateral and 

 ventral surface, there being on the stalk only a middle stripe left bare of scales, 

 and this stripe being moreover interrnpted at the apices of the joints (f. 38). 

 In Haase's subgenus ('osmodesmus (P. por/alirius, ajax, leonidas, macareus, etc.) the 

 antennae are also scaled (f. 37), but the scaling is restricted to the dnrsal snrface and 

 is not very dense ; the scales are rather small, generally only two-toothed, and fall 

 oflF easily, especially on the clnb. The third type of antenna in respect to scaling is 

 represented by the subgenera Phormncophagiix and Papilio, all the species of which 

 are without scaling on the antennae (the basal joints excepted). 



The sjiace not occupied by scales or fine sense-hairs bears a dense covering of 

 setiferons punctures. The dorsal surface is generally without punctures in the 

 median line; but in t\x& females (not the males) of Papilio priamiM iiud allied forms 

 the median area is punctured: the difference in the two sexes in this respect is of 

 significance, as we shall see later on. 



h. THAIDINAE. 



The joint is somewhat wider at the apex than at the base; its ventral surface is 

 generally more or less depressed at both sides of the mesial line. In most species 

 there are no grooves (f. 43, Armandia), while in Sericinus (f. 44) we find a small 

 groove at each side ; in some specimens of Liiehdorfa the joints of the stalk are 

 rather obviously impressed at each side, but the iiupression is not so well defined as 

 in P. pob/jcenes and mostly only indicated (f. 45, l.iielidorjia ja ponica). 



The fine sense-hairs arc distributed over the greater part of the ventral surface 

 {Sericinus), but are always denser at the base than towards the ape.x of the joint ; 

 or they are restricted basally, esjiecially on the club, being at the same time more 

 extended distad at the sides than in the middle {Luc/idorfa). 



