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doraal snrfiice inclusive of the last joint, only in a few forms the last joint is bare 

 of scales; a greater restriction of the dorsal scaling as is so often the case in all 

 other families of Bntterflies never takes place. Also the ventral side of the stalk 

 and of the most proximal joints of the club is scaled all over in all the species, and 

 in many Hesperids the scaling occupies the greater number of the joints of the 

 club. However, there remains always a not-scaled area, occupying in every case 

 the ventral side of the distal joints. In the species with a long recurved club the 

 dorsal scaling is arranged in two regular transverse rows on each joint of the club, 

 while in the other Hc.yjfriidar, esj)eciiilly constantly in those with a short club, the 

 scaling is of irregular arrangement. On the stalk the scales never stand in regular 

 rows. The not-scaled ventral area, thougli pretty constant in extent in the same 

 group of species, is very variable as regards the whole family. In many species it 

 occupies only the eight or nine distal joints (Heteropterus palaemoii); in others 

 it extends farther down the club, occupying, for instance, in the large genus 

 Pyrrhopijga from eighteen to twenty-five joints, in Ismene up to thirty-seven, and 

 reaches its maximum size in Eiiftchemon rajfiesiae, in which species it extends 

 over forty joints. But, however different in extent the not-scaled space may be in 

 the various skippers, there are two remarkable characters common to all species : 

 (1) the bare area never extends down to the stalk, which is invariably scaled all over; 

 and (2) the area is one whole, never being interrupted by scaling, as is so often the 

 case in other families. 



The fine sense-hairs vary much in length in the different species. Tliey are 

 evenly distributed over the not-scaled (ventral) area (figs. 1 to 4) ; but in a few 

 species (f. 'i, 11. palaemoii), in which the basal portion of the joints is depressed 

 ventrally, so that in a side view the club has almost a serrate appearance, the fine 

 sense-hairs are confined to the base of each joint, the more raised apical portion of 

 the joint being bare of such hairs. A restriction of these organs to patches has not 

 taken place anywhere in the family. 



Setiferous punctures I have not seen. 



The sense-bristles are always present dorsally and ventrally, but sometimes 

 very short. The dorsal ones are generally more slender than the lateral and ventral 

 ones, and often concealed under the scaling. On the not-scaled area the bristles 

 stand always in one transverse row; the series is sometimes wholly apical (f. 2, 

 11. palaemoii); in other species the series is median, but the lateral liristles are more 

 apical (f 3, Achhjodes pallida [1869]), or the series is basal with the lateral bristles 

 median (f 1, hmeni' iphis [1773]). In by far the greater number of Iksperiidae the 

 lateral bristles are longer than the more mesial ones, and sometimes so long that 

 they can be seen without the help of a lens (f. 5, Kerama). The number 

 of bristles is different in the various forms of Hesperids ; the highest number 

 observed by me on the not-scaled ])ortion of a joint is 7 (f. 1, 2, Ismene iphis, 

 11. palaemon), while the lowest number is 2 (f 6, Kerama); the lateral 

 bristles are always developed, though in some cases they are so short that it is not 

 easy to see them ; total absence of ventral bristles does not occur. The principal 

 types in the number of bristles, represented in figs. 1 — 5, are : (1) a complete series 

 of seven bristles; (2) a reduced series of four bristles; (3) a series of three bristles; 

 and (4) a series of two bristles. The difference between the antennae with three 

 and those with four bristles to a joint is very interesting, as the one antenna cannot 

 be derived from the other, the number and position of the bristles thus indicating 

 that each uf the two antennae has originated independently from another, probably 



