( 3«" ) 



many Nymphalidae. The fine sense-hairs are distribnted over the whole groove. 

 There are two pairs of ventral bristles — a basal cue, often very short, and a lateral 

 pair which is median or snbmedian. The not-scaled sides of the joints are beset 

 with setiferons puuctnres. 



The tip of the antenna is in /.. rAtis (f. 49) remarkably diiferent from that of 

 the other species of Libythea (f. oO), being ranch less expanded ventrally, and hence 

 much less cnrved dorsad. 



ft. ACRAEINAE. 



According to tiie extent of the scaling of the antennae, the AcraeAnae can be 

 divided into three gronps. The first gronp contains the species allied to punctn- 

 tissima (1833), which have the antennae densely scaled all over, except the whole 

 last joint and the ventral surfaces of the preceding nine joints. The second gronp 

 comprises A. cesta and American species, in which the scaling is restricted to the 

 dorsal surface; the scales are narrow, not dense, towards the apex of the antenna 

 even scarce, but are always present on all the joints except the last one. To the 

 third group belong most Eastern species and the bulk of the African species of 

 Acraea; in these species only the joints of the stalk bear sparse, very narrow and 

 short scales dorsally. The scales of the first and second gronp are dentate at the 

 apex, and hence very different from the scales of the wing (except edge) and 

 abdomen. 



On the not-scaled ventral area of each joint there are two deep impressions 

 which become shallow towards the middle carina, so that the two more impressed 

 portions of the grooves are rather widely apart. The middle portion of each groove 

 is more suddenly impressed again, so that it appears as if there was a groove witliin 

 another. The not impressed middle part of the joint is either rather broad, especially 

 on the club, bearing a raised middle line, or forms a narrow and sharp carina. The 

 width of the grooves is diff'erent in the various groups of Arraca ; those of the stalk 

 are especially wide and deep in American species. 



The sense-hairs are more or less evenly distributed over the impressed portion 

 of the surface of the joint, or are confined to the bottom of the groove, forming a 

 rounded patch, which is sometimes divided into two pa,tches (^1. mnlucrana, f. 62). 

 The median and lateral, not impressed areas are beset with setiferous punctures, of 

 which the hairs are sometimes (.1. moluccana) so long that nearly the whole not- 

 scaled ventral area appears to be covered with sense-hairs. 



A pair of basal, admesial, and a pair of lateral bristles. The basal ones are 

 often very short and generally less obvious than the lateral l)ristles. 



e. HELICONIINAE. 



The ventral surface of the antenna is always devoid of scales. The dorsal side 

 is densely covered with very narrow, bidentate, scales up to the last joint in Eueides, 

 while in HeUconius the scaling is on the distal half of the antenna either very sparse 

 or absent. The three ventral carinae are high on the stalk as well as on the club : 

 the grooves between them deep, extending from the base to the apex on all joints 

 (f.5U). 



The tine sense-hairs stand somewhat denser in the basal than in the a])ical 

 portion of the groove, but are never restricted to a small patch. The joints of the 

 stalk bear in the groove either one liasal pair of liristles only, or there are two more 

 ]iairs (f. ")0). one median, the other subapical. in many species these additional 



27 



