( 559 ) 



the base of segments 3 to 5 (very seldom ou the second segment of Palla *) there is 

 on each side a dense brush of stifl' hairs, mostl}- of a bnifish colour. Tliese brushes 

 are present in all 2\i/mphalina(', but seem to have been overlooked. Hiiirs like 

 those comjiosing the brushes are widely distributed on the tarsi among Ijeiiido])tera, 

 but tjjey arc found in considerable numbi'rs only in the /cinolcs, and it is interesting 

 to observe that they are nut found on all the tarsal segments, nor on all tarsi, but 

 occur commonly ou the sole of the foretarsi and are here often massed together on 

 the first segment. Thus we find, for instance, in the/fmaie.'i oi Papilio tiio sole of 

 the first segment of the foretarsi densely covered with yellowish hairs, resembling 

 the hairs of the tarsal brushes of Xymphalinae, while the middle and hinder tarsi of 

 th.e female and all tarsi of the male are without such a clotbiug ( f modified hairs. 

 The disparity between the sexes and between the foretarsi and the middle and 

 hinder tarsi convinces me that these hairs have a special function confined to the 

 female, and I think it probable that they have a sensory function which comes into 

 play when iha female is selecting plants for the deposition of the eggs. 



The fifth segment o^ the female foretarsi of Charaxes and allies has no trace of 

 the claws, but there is a membraneous organ inserted into the segment just below tlie 

 a]ic.\ and subdivided (PI. XIII. f ■,'(). v!l, I'ltlla) which is a remuaut of the pulvilhis 

 and parauycliia : one or two apical bristles are also generally present. 



A greater variety of striking distiuguishing characters is found in the segments 

 of the abdomen, which are modified for sexual purposes, than in the legs. Tlie 

 ventral plates (sternites) of the seventh and eighth segments of Va& female have 

 undergone modifications in connection wiCh the vaginal aperture. In Charaxes and 

 allies the generic and specific characters ofiered by these segments are not so 

 conspicuous as in the case of Papilionidac, Acrae/me, and others, bnt are obvious 

 enough to bo of taxonomic value. In Falla the apical edge of the seventh steruite 

 is raised into a double tubercle (PI. XIVa. f. 31) in the middle ; the segment is also 

 centrally strongly convex : the apical edge of the sixth segment is thickened and 

 l)rotrudes a little ventrad ; the eighth steruite bears basally a rounded mesial 

 impression with two small tubercles at the bottom. In Charaxes (PI. XIVa. f 3ti) 

 the two tubercles of the seventh segment ai'e wanting, but 

 the middle portion of the seventh steruite is in some forms 

 (etes///e and allies) bulging out ventrad, forming, together 

 with the basal impression of the eighth steruite, a rather 

 large cavity (Fig. 14). In most species of Charaxes, Eulep/s, 

 and Kuxunthe the seveutli steruite is evenly convex, with the 

 apical edge somewhat thickened, slightly incised or sinuate Km. u. 



iu the middle ; the basal postvaginal groove of the eighth 



segment beai'S at the bottfini a broad flat smootii tubercle : the hinder edge of the 

 groove is sharply marked ami siimale niesially. In F.ii.raiifhr the groiive is larger 

 than in Charaxes and l-lnltjji.t. 



The end of the abdomen of the male is mucii nini'e eciniplicated than in the 

 fiindle, the uinth and tenth s(^gments (sternites and tergites) being here strongly 

 modilied. 'I'iie external ]iart of the ninth segment (consists in Charaxes and ihdepis 

 of a Hiiri'dW rnig bearing (in each side .■! finp-like movable jijate, the so-called valve 



The lirsl specimen of PaIJa tlt'cUia $ I c.xainiiie*! had llip second segment of the foi-etarsi providetl 

 Willi a biusli of haire lil;e that of tlio other segments, and 1 believed I had found a strikinj; dift'crcnco 

 between Palla and f'/uiraxrs; but all the other .specimens I have ex.amined since have the second seirmcnt 

 without that brush. This shows how dangeroits it is to rely on the examination of one example. 



