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FISHERY BULLETIN OF THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE 



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Figure 22. — Spinous dorsal fln of 4(i.0-mm. Pscudu- 

 peneus maculatus. Line efjuals 2 mm. 



the anterior end of the premaxilla. None of the 

 unerupted teeth was out of position in the series, 

 and those that liad erapted curved somewhat to- 

 ward the back of the mouth. Tlie risrlit premaxil- 

 h^ry had 19 enipted teeth and 2 unerupted teeth 

 toward the back of the jaw, an aduh conii)lement 

 of teeth in the main row. 



The left prema.xillary bone of a 94.8-min. speci- 

 men had a regular series of 14 inwardly cui-ved ca- 

 nine teeth plus sockets containing undeveloped 

 teeth in the fourtli and ninth positions. The right 

 premaxillaiy was similar but had in addition a 

 larger canine, in the fourth position in the regular 

 row, directed toward the right side of the month 

 and curved upward. This single, larger, back- 

 wardly curving canine anterior to the regular series 

 was not apparent in any specimen under 79.2 mm. 

 Of the specimens examined for this character, it 

 was present in 25 percent of those 80 to 100 mm., 

 50 percent of those 100 to 130 mm., and 90 j^ercent 

 of those over 130 mjn. This tooth either forms in 

 addition to the regular series, or is one that en- 

 larges, becomes hooked, and migrates to a position 

 anterior to the othei-s in the regular row of teeth. 



A 108.0-mm. specimen did not have the large 

 canine seen on the 94.8-mm. specimen. The left 

 premaxillary bone had a row containing 19 evenly 

 spaced, fully developed teeth and two unerupted 

 teeth in the 16th and 19th tooth sockets. The 

 right premaxillary had a developing tooth and 

 socket at the base of the second tooth in addition 

 to the regular series of erupted and erupting teeth. 



The upper jaw of a 119.5-mm. specimen had a 

 row of canines which were foi- the most part 

 curved down and toward the back of the mouth. 



The two front teeth cur\^ed toward each other 

 and the back of the mouth. Anterolateral to 

 these on each of the premaxillaries was a large 



canine which curved anteriorly and outward. 

 Set slightly above the regidar series of teeth, the 

 one in the right premaxillary was between the 

 fourth and fifth teeth, and the one on the left 

 was between the third and fourth teeth. Medial 

 to the two ovei-sized te€th, and set above and 

 between the bases of the second and third teeth in 

 the regular row, were large sockets each con- 

 taining a developing tooth much larger than those 

 in the regidar series. These pointed toward the 

 floor of the mouth. A second oversized canine 

 was found above, anterior to, and in addition to 

 the regidar series. This second ovei-sized canine 

 had not erupted on any specimen examined 

 smaller than 115 nmi. and was seen on 50 percent 

 of the specimens over this size. 



A 14G-mm. specimen had, anterior to the regular 

 row, a third large canine on each premaxillary 

 bone. These were medial to the other two and 

 curved toward each other and upward. Noticed 

 on 20 percent of the larger specimens, this thii'd 

 canine sometimes appeared on only one of the 

 premaxilliaries. 



I examined only two specimens over 200 mm., 

 one 206 mm., the other 225 mm., and each had the 

 additional curved canines. Three was the maxi- 

 mum number found on either half of the 

 premaxillary. 



Lower jaw. — Teeth were not evident in an 18.5- 

 mm. P. macvhitvx, but were visible in all specimens 

 21.6 nun. and larger. A 49-mm. specimen had 12 

 and 13 canine teeth in a single row on the left and 

 right dentaries respectively. 



Vomerine and palatine. — No teeth were seen on 

 the vomerine oi- i)alatine bones of any specimen of 

 P. maculatuH. 

 Scales 



Lateral line scales were counted on 41 specimens 

 ranging from 41.0 to 197.0 mm. The counts 

 ranged from 27 to 31 with the two extremes being 

 encountered only once (2.4 percent). The other 

 counts were 28 (46.3 percent), 29 (29.3 percent), 

 and 30 (19.5 percent). Specimens up through a 

 size of 38.8 nun. had either no scales (18.5 mm.) or 

 only a few along the dorsal and ventral surfaces 

 concentrated in the regions of the dorsal and anal 

 fins, and one large scale in the axilla of the pectoral 

 (21.6 through 38.8 mm.). "Wliereas it is possible 

 that scales do not de\elop except in these regions 

 before a size of approximately 40 mm., the fact 



