266 FISHERY BULLETIN OF THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE 



AA. Parr with bright lateral band, usually reddish or iridescent ; black spots on back, and on dorsal, adipose, and 



caudal flns; adults without colored spots: caudaLpeduncle stout, and anal fin rays 11-16 (complete count). 



C. Usually with red streak on underside of lower jaw which may be concealed by mandible; maxillary extends 



well beyond posterior margin of eye ; oblique scale rows 122-208 ; pyloric caeca 27^0 ; in breeding color, belly 



suffused with red, lower flns reddish; adults seldom with a red lateral band; mouth lining white; optionally 



anadromous, fluvial, or adfluvial ; very short migrations in the sea. 



Salmo clarki, steelhead cutthroat trout or cutthroat trout. 



CC. No red streak under jaw, maxillary extends to or slightly beyond posterior margin of eye; oblique scale 



rows 115-164; pyloric caeca 25-61 (average about 47) ; wide pink or red lateral band, especially bright in 



spawning males; mouth lining white; some sea-run adults die after spawning; optionally anadromous, fluvial, 



or adfluvial ; chiefly coastwise migrations at sea Salmo gairdncri, steelhead rainbow trout or rainbow trout. 



Salmo g. kamloopa, Kamloops trout. 



Oncorhynchus. Pacific salmons 



A. Lateral-line scales 160-198 (average about 184) ; branehiostegals 9-15; pyloric caeca 95-224 (average about 136) ; 

 anal rays 1(3-20 (complete count); gill rakers 24-34 (average about 29.7) with minute teeth; large black spots 

 tending to oval on back and on entire caudal fin ; young without parr marks ; mouth lining dark ; very pronounced 

 hump on breeding males: mature at 2 years of age: obligatory anadromous: long sea migrations: abimdant far 



offshore: usually less than 2,000 ova Onoorhynchtts gorhiiscJia, pink salmon. 



AA. Lateral-line scales 124-165; branehiostegals 10-19; pyloric caeca 45-254; anal rays 15-22 (complete count) ; gill 

 rakers 19-39; no black spots on lower lobe of caudal fin, may be black si>eckling on dorsal edge of upper lobe; 

 young with distinct parr marks ; mature normally at ages 3-8. usually more than 2,500 ova. 

 B. Pyloric caeca 85-254; lateral-line scales 130-165; branehiostegals 10-19; anal rays 16-22 (complete count) ; 

 gill rakers 19-28. 



C. Lateral-line scales 130-147 (average about 139) ; branehiostegals 10-16; pyloric caeca 140-254 (average about 

 205) ; anal rays 1(5-20 (complete count) ; gill rakers 19-26 (average about 22), rakers vride apart and without 

 teeth; caudal peduncle slender; parr marks short, elliptical or oval, extending little, if any, below lateral line; 

 no black speckling on back or fins; breeding color anterior two-thirds of sides with bold jagged reddish line, 

 posterior third of sides with jagged black line; mouth lining dark; obligatory anadromous, long sea migrations, 



abundant far offshore Oncorhynchus Icfa, chum salmon. 



CC. Lateral-line scales 130-165 (average about 146) ; branehiostegals 13-19; pyloric caeca 85-244 (average about 

 158) ; anal rays l()-22 (complete count) ; gill rakers 20-28 (average about 24), rakers wide apart with large 

 teeth; caudal peduncle stout; parr marks large vertical bars almost bisected by lateral line; small black 

 speckling on back, dorsal fin, and upper lobe of caudal fin. sometimes extending onto adipose fin and lower 

 lobe of caudal and faintly onto anal fin ; breeding adults without red on sides ; mouth lining black ; obligatory 



anadromous; long sea migrations; not abundant far offshore Oncorhynchus tshnivytscha, king salmon. 



BB. Pyloric caeca 45-114; lateral-line scales 124-150; branehiostegals 11-16; anal rays 15-21 (complete count) ; 

 gill rakers 19-39. 

 D. Pyloric caeca 45-114 (average about 75) : lateral-line scales 130-144 (average about 135) ; branehiostegals 

 11-15; anal rays 15-19 (complete count) ; gill rakers 19-25 (average about 21), rakers wide apart with large 

 teeth, none on back of second and fourth gill arches; caudal peduncle stout; parr marks large vertical bars 

 almost bisected by lateral line; anal fin of parr falcate with first ray whitish; other lower fins of parr orange- 

 tinged and white-tipped ; in adults black .speckling on back, often extending along upper edge of caudal fin 

 and base of dorsal fin : sides of breeding adults may be suffused with light pink, but no definite markings ; 

 mouth lining dark; adaptively anadromous; long sea migrations; not abundant far offshore. 



Oncorhynchus kisutch, silver salmon. 

 DD. Pyloric caeca 45-114 (average about 86) ; lateral-line scales 124-150 (average about 135) ; branehiostegals 

 11-16; anal rays 15-21 (complete count) ; gill rakers 28-39 (average about 35), rakers close together with 

 minute teeth and present on back of second and fourth gill arches: caudal peduncle slender; parr marks 

 short, elliptical or oval, extending little, if any, below lateral line ; black speckling, when present, is faint, 

 fins without speckling, except faint speckling on margin of caudal in breeding fish ; in breeding adults, body 

 (except lower belly) and all fins except pectorals and caudal lobes a deep crimson to brick red, head a dull 

 green on dorsal half, creamy white below; mouth lining dark; adaptively anadromous: long sea migrations; 



abundant far offshore Oncorhynchus ncrka, sockeye salmon. 



Oncorhynchus n. kennerlyi, kokanee. 





