376 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 



paining the draft of a new "law for protecting salmon and lake trout," 

 dated Septemder 1G, 1881, Mr. Landmark says very emphatically, on page 

 GG: "It is but too certain that the number of salmon in our country is, 

 on the whole, smaller at the present time than in 1848, when we got 

 our first law for protecting the salmon fisheries." Mr. Landmark thinks 

 that the production of young fry of the salmon in Norway has been 

 carried on on too small a scale, and that this is the cause why the rivers 

 do not contain more salmon. Following up this idea, and evidently 

 influenced by the reports of the enormous production of young fish in 

 the United States of North America and Canada, he urged the Govern- 

 ment to found a large salmon-hatchery on the Topdal Kiver ; btit the Nor- 

 wegian Government did not deem it proper to lay a proposition to that 

 effect before the Storting (Norwegian Parliament], at least during the 

 session of 1882. Eelative to the fisheries in the interior of the country, 

 especially the trout-fisheries, Mr. Landmark declared, Februarys, 1881, 

 at the meeting of the " Norwegian Association of Huntsmen and Fisher- 

 men," that the fisheries had been more productive in olden times than 

 at present, and that only in a few places there had been some slight 

 improvement in consequence of various measures taken recently by the 

 Government and by private individuals; and yet there had been in 

 operation in Norway, since 185G, for a longer or shorter period, about 

 150 piscicultural establishments, founded for the avowed purpose of 

 improving the fisheries in the interior of the country ! 



SWEDEN. 



At the same time as in Norway, considerable interest was also taken 

 in pisciculture in Sweden, and a large number of great and small estab- 

 lishments were founded. Near Ostanbach, at the mouth of the An- 

 german River, the Government established a so-called "Normal Institu- 

 tion of Fish-culture," in which instruction was given; but after having 

 been in operation for 18 years it was closed, and has not been opened again. 

 Pisciculture in Sweden has not been able to show any very considerable 

 econmical advantages, and during the last ten years the interest in this 

 cause has been on the wane. More recently, especially since the Berlin 

 Fishery Exposition of 1880, the interest in pisciculture began to revive, 

 and at present a number of salmon-hatcheries are in operation on several 

 Swedish rivers, among others in the Ljusne River, the Dal River (Elf- 

 karleby), the Klar River, the Lagaa, the Nisson, and others. Granting 

 the impossibility to regulate, on a large scale, the quantity of fish in 

 open waters by means of pisciculture, the superintendent of fisheries, 

 Dr. R. Lundberg, nevertheless favors the artificial production of fish 

 because he sees in it "an important aid to prevent the decrease offish, 

 which is invariably brought about by the increasing number of fisher- 

 men, by manufacturing establishments, by rafting, &c. "Several eco- 

 nomical associations in the provinces have, for the last thirty years, paid 

 persons to instruct the masses on the subject of fish-culture and rational 



