374 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 



according to E. M. Miller's statement, 100 million fish-eggs have been 

 hatched daring the years 1873-1881, and placed in open waters, but 

 with what results I bave not been able to learn with absolute cer- 

 tainty. The same applies to American fish production in general, with 

 exception of the shad culture, which has been successful in so far that 

 the shad is now found in rivers where formerly it was unknown. 



CANADA. 



In 1805 Mr. Samuel Wilmot began to introduce artificial fish-culture 

 in Canada. At Newcastle, in the Province of Ontario, where he resides, 

 he established a salmon -hatchery, which soon gained considerable repu- 

 tation. This was acquired by the Colouial Government and extended 

 in 18 r 00. Mr. Wilmot has gradually succeeded in founding, at Govern- 

 ment expense, several similar establishments for raising the American 

 mailine, the whitefish. The number of these establishments in 1880, ac- 

 cording to Raveret-Wattel, was 7, and according to E. M. Mil'er, 10, kept 

 up at annual expense to the Government of £5,000. Mr. S. Wilmot is the 

 director and superintendent of these establishments. It is his aim also 

 to produce as many young fish as possible. The entire quantity of fish 

 egg;s hatched in all the Canadian establishments till the end of the year 

 1880 is estimated at 200,000,000. The number hatched in 1880 was 

 20,000.000, divided as follows: 18,000,000 whitefish, 4,000,000 salmon, 

 4,000,000 lake trout, and 125,000 brook trout, From these 20,000,000 

 eggs there were obtained 21 ,500.000 young fish, which were placed in open 

 waters. All the above information is given by E. M. Miller, member of 

 the Michigan Fish Commission. As regards the practical results of this 

 enormous production of young fish, we possess no reliable data. Miller 

 says that the number of Coregonm had increased in the Detroit Elver; 

 but it cannot be ascertained whether this increase holds any reasonable 

 proportion to the large sums annually spent for producing young fish. 

 I know from personal observation, however, that after fishing had been 

 strictly prohibited for a certain period in autumn, the number of Corego- 

 nus in some of our Finland rivers increased very considerably. The 

 quantity of fish caught annually in any body of water is, moreover, not 

 the same every year, but is subject to great changes which are beyond 

 human control. 



ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, AND IRELAND. 



For many centuries Great Britain has sought to preserve and increase 

 the stock of fish in her rivers by strict legislation, and especially by 

 rigid protective measures; these endeavors have been successful, and 

 there is at present no country in Europe whose salmon-fisheries could 

 vie with those of Great Britain. Artificial fish-culture has also been 

 attempted in Great Britain, more than twenty years ago. Even quite 

 recently some private hatcheries have been established, but artificial 





