524 



FISHERY BULLETIN OF THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE 



Caranx ishikawai Wakiya, 1924, p. 193, pi. XXVI (Bonnin 



Islands; Formosa). 

 Caranx lenebrosus Jordan, Evermann, and Wakiya, in 



Jordan, Evermann, and Tanaka, 1927, p. 656 (Sulphur 



Bay, Clarion Island, Revillagigedo Islands). 

 Xurel lugubris, Jordan, Evermann, and Clark, 1930, p. 273 



(tropical Atlantic; West Indies). 

 Xurel lenebrosus, Jordan, Evermann, and Clark, 1930, 



p. 273 (South Seas; Revillagigedos; Hawaii). 

 Caranx adscensionis (non Osbeck), Harry, 1953, p. 128 



(Raroia, Tuamotu Archipelago). 



Nomenclature 



Caranx lugubris Poey has been recognized as an 

 Atlantic and Pacific species since Jordan and 

 Gilbert (1883: 201) compared specimens from 

 both oceans. Interoceanic comparisons of speci- 

 mens have also been made by Meek and Hilde- 

 brand (1925: 352) and Woods, in Schultz et al. 

 (1953: 514). These three studies were made with 

 small numbers of specimens, and all workers noted 

 slight differences in Atlantic and Pacific forms. 

 It is possible that comparisons of larger numbers 

 of specimens will determine specific or subspecific 

 differences, but at, this time the Atlantic and 

 Pacific forms should be considered merely as 

 conspecific. 



Material 



Only one specimen was examined: USNM 

 167425, from Onotoa, Gilbert Islands, 242 mm. 

 standard length. This is the smallest USNM 

 specimen so identified and the smallest available 

 from the many collections that were canvassed. 

 Presumably it could be the same specimen 

 collected and described by Randall (1955: 88), 

 but his minimum length of three specimens taken 



does not quite coincide with mine, and some of his 

 ranges differ from the counts I obtained on the 

 one specimen. The measurements of this speci- 

 men are included and distinguished on the graphs 

 with hippos. 



Comparison of figure 98 with the photograph of 

 a larger specimen (exact size not given, but be- 

 tween 343 and 545 mm. standard length) in 

 Schultz et al. (1953, pi. 46, A) shows that the 

 larger fish has a more-indented profile in front of 

 the eye, shorter dorsal and anal fin lobes, and is 

 narrower and more elongated from the origins of 

 the soft-rayed fins to the caudal base. These are 

 believed to be normal growth changes. An 

 elongation of the posterior part of the body also 

 occurs in comparable-sized specimens of hippos. 



The specimen identified as lugubris from Tortu- 

 gas, Fla., by Longley, in Longley and Hildebrand 

 (1941: 78), was not this species. It probably 

 was Uraspis heidi Fowler and is discussed under 

 the account of that species (p. 526). 



Characters 



Dorsal spines. — VIII and I. The third spine is 

 the longest, 24.5 mm. (fig. 86). The eighth and 

 ninth spines are not connected. 



Anal spines. — II and I. The second spine, 

 10.3 mm., is longer than the first and both are 

 well separated from the third. 



Dorsal soft-rays. — 22. Meek and Hildebrand 

 (1925: 352) and Woods, in Schultz et al. (1953: 

 514) gave a range of 21 or 22. Walford (1937: 76) 

 gave a range of 21 to 23. The first ray is the 

 longest, 75.7 mm. This measurement is too large 

 to be placed on the graph of the first dorsal soft- 



Figure 98. — Caranx lugubris, 242 mm. standard length (USNM 167425). 



