YOUNG JACK CREVALLES 



525 



ray-standard length relation of hippos; it exceeds 

 the first dorsal soft-raj^ length of a comparable 

 248-mm. hippos by 30 mm. 



Anal soft-rays. — 19. A range of 17 to 19 was 

 given by Meek and Hildebrand (1925: 353). 

 Woods, in Schultz et al. (1953: 514) gave a range 

 of 17 to 20. Poey (1875: 76) gave the following 

 combined counts for 5 specimens: D.21, A. 18 (2); 

 D.21, A.19(l); and D.22, A.18(2). The first ray 

 is the longest, 61 mm. 



Interneural and interhemal spines. — Posterior 

 lateral projections of these spines do not extend 

 above the body surface on the specimen examined. 



( 'audal. — 9 + 8 principal rays ; secondary rays not 

 discernible without dissection. 



Pectoral.— 1-19. 87.5 mm. (fig. 87). 



Pelvic— 1-5. 32.5 mm. 



Body depth. — Depth at first anal spine (100 mm.) 

 is greater than depth at pelvic (94 mm.) (fig. 88). 



Head length— 73 mm. (fig. 88). 



Eye diameter. — 17 mm. (fig. 89). 



Snout length. — 22.5 mm. (fig. 89). 



Gill rakers. — Upper limb, 6; lower limb, 20. 

 One gill raker at the origin of the lower limb 

 and two gill rakers on the upper limb are small or 

 rudimentary. Meek and Hildebrand (1925: 352) 

 gave a range on the lower limb of 17 or 18 exclusive 

 of rudiments. Woods and Kanazawa (1951 : 632) 

 gave a count of 7 + 1 + 19 (7+20 by my combina- 

 tion). Woods, in Schultz et al. (1953: 514) gave 

 a (combined) range of 7 + 20 or 21. 



Scutes.— Right side, 32; left side, 33 (fig. 92). 

 Meek and Hildebrand (1925: 352) gave a range of 

 26 to 30 for six specimens of 335 to 500 mm. 

 total length. Woods and Kanazawa (1951: 632) 

 recorded 27 for a specimen of 635 mm. standard 

 length. Woods, in Schultz et al. (1953: 514) 

 gave a range of 29 to 33 for specimens 343 to 535 

 mm. standard length. 



Lateral line. — Mean lateral-line ratio: 1.91 

 (fig. 93). Woods, in Schultz et al. (1953: 514) 

 gave a range for this ratio of 1.36 to 1.70. 



Preopercular spines. — None. 



Pigmentation. — Head, body, and fins almost 

 uniformly brown with a black tint (fig. 98). 

 Woods and Kanazawa (1951 : 632) described the 

 color in alcohol-preserved specimens as rich 

 dark brown and the fresh color as grayish brown 

 to blackish. Jordan and Evermann (1896:925) 

 described the color as sooty black. 



Distribution 



This species has not been reliably reported from 

 the Atlantic or Gulf coasts of the United States. 

 Poey's type specimen (1860: 222) was from Cuba, 

 and Howell y Rivero (1938: 187) reported on the 

 type of the synonymous C. frontalis Poey from 

 Cuba. Additional Cuban records were given 

 by Jordan (1886b: 36) and Meek and Hildebrand 

 (1925: 352). The species has been reported from 

 Bermuda by Woods and Kanazawa (1951: 631); 

 from West Caicos Island, Bahamas, by Parr 

 (1930: 45); from Puerto Rico by Erdman (1956: 

 327) ; and from Trinidad by Nichols and Murphy 

 (1914: 263). It has been recorded by Springer 

 and Bullis (1956: 74) from the Oregon collections 

 in the Gulf of Mexico from about 110 miles and 

 125 miles north of Yucatan and from about 50 

 miles south of South Pass, La. It has been listed 

 from Brazil by Fowler (1941b : 154, see synonymy), 

 the Eastern Atlantic by Fowler (1936: 699, see 

 synonymy), and from the Pacific and Indian 

 Oceans by many authors. 



Spawning 



The time and place of spawning are unknown. 

 The specimen of 635 mm. standard length re- 

 ported by Woods and Kanazawa (1951: 631) 

 from offshore Bermuda, August 8, was described 

 as a ripe male. 



Hemicaranx fasciatus (Cuvier) 



Caranx fasciatus Cuvier, in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833, 



p. 70 (Gulf of Mexico off Mexico). 

 Caranx secundus Poey, 1860, p. 223 (Cuba). 

 Carangops secundus, Poey, 1866, p. 15 (Cuba). 

 Hemicaranx secundus, Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 914 



(Cuba). 

 Xurel fasciatus, Jordan, Evermann, and Clark, 1930, p. 272 



(Cuba; Atlantic coast of Mexico). 



Since one objective of this study is to consider 

 the species of Caranx that might occur off the 

 southeastern Atlantic coast of the United States, 

 and because the last major taxonomic treatment 

 of Hemicaranx fasciatus (Jordan, Evermann, and 

 Clark, 1930: 272) would cause it to be considered 

 in the genus Caranx, a brief notation of its rela- 

 tionships is necessary. 



Caranx fasciatus was described by Cuvier, in 

 Cuvier and Valenciennes (1833: 70) from a draw- 

 ing by Mocigno and Sesse of a specimen from the 

 Atlantic off Mexico. Caranx secundus, described 



