CLARK and BROWN: CHANGES IN BIOMASS OF FINFISHKS AND SQUIDS 



footnote 12) for the major species groups consid- 

 ered in this paper (principal groundfish, princi- 

 pal pelagics, flounders, other groundfish, other 

 pelagics and other fish, and squid, Table 1) are 

 given in Figures 2 and 3. Effort was concentrated 

 on principal groundfish during the mid-1960's; 

 landings peaked at approximately 643 x 10 3 tons 

 in 1965, declined to approximately 575 x 10 3 tons 

 in 1966, and dropped off sharply thereafter (Fig- 

 ure 2). Statistical data for individual species 

 (International Commission for the Northwest 

 Atlantic Fisheries 1965-73, 1974c, 1975a, see 

 footnote 12) reveal that this pattern resulted 

 primarily from great increases in landings of cod, 

 haddock, and silver and red hake in the mid- 

 1960's, followed by subsequent declines. Landings 

 of redfish and pollock have increased somewhat in 

 more recent years, but not enough to offset de- 

 clines in the remaining species. 



Landings for principal pelagics during this 

 period (herring and mackerel) declined initially 

 followed by a subsequent upswing. This can be 

 attributed primarily to a diversion of USSR effort 

 from herring to haddock and hake in 1965 and 

 1966 (Schumaker and Anthony see footnote 7). In 

 1967, however, the USSR redirected much of its 

 effort back to the Georges Bank herring stock and 

 also initiated an intensive mackerel fishery 

 (Anderson see footnote 9) and other distant water 

 fleets also began to exploit these species at about 

 this time. This increase in effort produced in- 

 creased landings of herring and mackerel to a total 



TABLE 1. — Scientific and common names of species considered 1 

 in this study, grouped as in ICNAF statistical bulletins. 



"International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic 

 Fisheries. 1975. Provisional nominal catches in the Northwest 

 Atlantic, 1974 (Subareas 1 to 5 and Statistical Areas and 6). 

 Int. Comm. Northwest Atl. Fish. Annu. Meet. 1975, Summ. Doc. 

 No. 32, Serial No. 3590 (mimeo.), 61 p. 



63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 



YEAR 



FIGURE 2. — Landings of principal groundfish and principal 

 pelagics in ICNAF Subarea 5 and Statistical Area 6, 1963-74. 



Common name 



Scientific name 



Principal groundfish 

 (except flounders): 



Cod 



Haddock 



Redfish 



Silver hake 



Red hake 



Pollock (saithe) 

 Flounders: 



American plaice 



Witch 



Yellowtail 



Winter flounder 



Summer flounder 

 Other groundfish: 



Angler 



Cusk 



Ocean pout 



Sculpins 



Scup 



Searobins 



White hake 

 Principal pelagics: 



Herring 



Mackerel 

 Other pelagics and other fish: 



Butterfish 



Spiny dogfish 



Skates and rays 

 Squid: 



Short-finned squid 



Long-finned squid 



Gadus morhua 

 Melanogrammus aegletinus 

 Sebastes marinus 

 Merluccius bilinearis 

 Urophycis chuss 

 Pollachius virens 



Hippoglossoides platessoides 

 Glyptocephalus cynoglossus 

 LJmanda ferruginea 

 Pseudopleuronectes americanus 

 Paralichthys dentatus 



Lophius americanus 

 Brosme brosme 

 Macrozoarces americanus 

 Myoxocephalus spp. 

 Stenotomus chrysops 

 Prionotus spp. 

 Urophycis tenuis 



Clupea harengus 

 Scomber scombrus 



Poronotus triacanthus 

 Squalus acanthias 

 Raja spp. 



///ex illecebrosus 

 Loligo pealei 



1 Note that for all groupings except principal groundfish, principal pelagics, 

 and squid, other species were considered but are not mentioned specifically. 



g 70 

 S 



— Fkujnders 

 Other groundfish 



— Other pelages and other fish 



Squid 



63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 



72 73 74 



FIGURE 3. — Landings of flounders, other groundfish, other 

 pelagics and other fish, and squid in ICNAF Subarea 5 and 

 Statistical Area 6, 1963-74. 



