COLLINS iind TENNEY: SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING POLLUTANT PARAMETERS 



1400 



1200 



E 

 Z 



O 



^ 1000 



800 



O 



o° 



PROTE IN = 74 TR K + 103 



/- 



< 



O 



b 



400 



200 



L/. 



1200 



1400 1600 



TR K . mg/1 



1800 



FIGURE 2. — Relationship between the concentration of protein 

 or oil and grease and the concentration of the ash-free total 

 residue in waste effluents from a plant using both Model A 

 and PCA peelers and fresh water. 



product process, our testing-calculating system 

 would proceed as follows: Determine TR and ash 

 and substitute the difference into Equation ( 1 1 

 and solve for CODtr. Using the mean values for 

 TR and ash of Table 1 gives 1,431 mg/liter TR K . 

 Substitution into Equation (1) gives 1,990 mg 

 COD TR /liter which nearly agrees with the 

 mean analytical COD value. Similarly, the 

 other recommended routine test for COD of the fil- 

 trate (COD FR ) gives a mean value from Table 1 of 

 1,120 mg/liter which, when substituted into Equa- 

 tion (2), gives 925 mg/liter for FR K , in agreement 

 with the difference between FR and ash, i.e., FR - 

 ash = 926 mg/liter. The NFR or COD NFR are ob- 

 tained by difference, e.g., TR K - FR K = NFR K . In 

 order to calculate protein and O&G, the TR K can 

 be substituted into Equations (4) and (5). A rough 

 estimate of O&G content can also be obtained by 

 dividing the COD by 9 which is the average for the 

 ratio of COD to the weight of O&G. The ratio actu- 

 ally varies from about 8 to 10 and inversely with 

 the COD. The ratio and equations only have appli- 

 cation to this plant and processing conditions. For 

 other processing conditions or plants, the baseline 

 data and equations should be determined in the 

 same manner. 



CALCULATION OF O&G AND 



PROTEIN USING 

 A SIMULTANEOUS EQUATION 



0.068 for FRk- The regression lines and equations 

 found in Figures 1 and 2 include a correction for 

 ash content in the residue, i.e., TR - ash = TR K . 

 These equations, obtained by the method of least 

 squares, are as follows: 



In our previous paper we suggested that back- 

 ground data for a particular plant should be deter- 

 mined [Equations (1), (2), and (3)] so that the other 

 parameters could be calculated from routine tests 

 for TR and COD FR . Since usage of salt and sea- 

 water in plants tends to vary, we now also suggest 

 that an ash analysis be done to eliminate varia- 

 bility in the total residue. Once background data 

 have been established for a particular plant or 



In this section we will derive a simultaneous 

 equation that can be used as a substitute for direct 

 analysis so that O&G and protein can be calcu- 

 lated by using routine data on COD FR , TR, and 

 ash. The equation is based on the assumption that 

 the sum of the COD of each component in the ef- 

 fluent equals the total COD, i.e., COD (x, + 

 x 2 . . . x„) = total COD; and that the sum of the 

 weights of each constituent having an effect on 

 COD equals the total residue minus ash, i.e., 

 Residue (x, + x 2    x n ) = Total residue - ash. 



To develop the simultaneous equation, coeffi- 

 cients must first be determined that relate COD 

 to the two major constituents of a fishery waste 

 (protein and O&G). In addition, the residue-ash 

 relation needs defining. 



COD in Relation to Protein and O&G 



To establish a relationship between COD and 

 pollutants, we prepared samples of protein and 



255 



