to be too slow acting to be generally effective for 

 stopping highly mobile pinniped species before 

 they could reach the sea. Two major drawbacks to 

 chemorestraints in a field situation are judging 

 animals' size adequately for effective dose deter- 

 mination, and the time required for the animal to 

 recover sufficiently to be able to swim unassisted 

 and maintain pace with the herd or pod from 

 which it was captured. Should future work develop 

 either drugs or techniques which allow safe and 

 semi-instantaneous chemorestraint of any marine 

 mammal species, then these drugs or techniques 

 would be extremely useful when used in connec- 

 tion with the stomach pump. Until such drugs are 

 available, I believe physical restraint is indicated 

 during the lavage procedure. 



Acknowledgments 



I am indebted to S. H. Ridgway and the person- 

 nel at the Naval Undersea Center for their pa- 

 tience and cooperation, and to Lanny Cornell and 

 his staff at Sea World, Inc. for their cooperation 

 during testing of this lavage device. I thank L. F. 

 Lowry of the Alaska Department of Fish and 

 Game and A. B. Irvine of the U.S. Fish and 

 Wildlife Service for their comments concerning 

 restraint and use of this technique. I also thank 

 Larry Hobbs and Mike Honing of University of 

 California Santa Cruz and Steve Leatherwood of 

 the Naval Undersea Center for assisting me dur- 

 ing tests of the lavage. Thanks also to S. B. Stone of 

 Marine General Hospital, K. S. Norris, T. P. Dohl, 

 and R. W. Pierce of University of California Santa 

 Cruz for their comments concerning design of the 

 equipment. K. S. Norris, J. S. Leatherwood, W. E. 

 Evans, T. P. Dohl, and Robert Hoffman reviewed 

 the manuscript. This work was supported by con- 

 tract number MM4AC013 from the U.S. Marine 

 Mammal Commission. 



Literature Cited 



BURNS, J. J., AND L. F. LOWRY. 



1976. Trophic relationships among ice inhabiting phocid 

 seals. In Environmental assessment of the Alaskan con- 

 tinental shelf, Vol. 1. Marine mammals. Principal inves- 

 tigators' reports for the year ending March 1976, p. 303- 

 332. U.S. Dep. Commer., Environ. Res. Lab., Boulder. 

 EVANS, W. E. 



1975. Distribution, differentiation of populations and 

 other aspects of the natural history of Delphinus delphis 

 Linneaus in the north eastern Pacific. Ph.D. Thesis., 

 Univ. California, Los Ang., 144 p. 

 FISCUS, C. H., AND G. A. BAINES. 



1966. Food and feeding behavior of Steller and California 

 sea lions. J. Mammal. 47:195-200. 

 FITCH, J. E., AND R. L. BROWNELL, JR. 



1968. Fish otoliths in cetacean stomachs and their impor- 

 tance in interpreting feeding habits. J. Fish. Res. Board 

 Can. 25:2561-2574. 

 HOUCK, W. J. 



1961. Notes on the Pacific striped porpoise. J. Mammal. 

 42:107. 

 IMLER, R. H., AND H. R. SARBER. 



1974. Harbor seals and sea lions in Alaska. U.S. Fish 

 Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. 28, 23 p. 

 RIDGWAY, S. H. 



1972. Homeostasis in the aquatic environment. In S. H. 

 Ridgway (editor), Mammals of the sea: biology and 

 medicine, p. 590-747. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, 

 111. 

 SHOMURA, R. S., AND T. S. HIDA. 



1965. Stomach contents of a dolphin caught in Hawaiian 

 waters. J. Mammal. 46:500-501. 

 TSUTSUMI, T., Z. KAMIMURA, AND K. MIZUE. 



1961. Studies on the little toothed whales in the West Sea 

 Areas of Kyusyu — V. About the food of the little toothed 

 whales. [In Jap., Engl, abstr.] Bull. Fac. Fish. 

 Nagasaki Univ. 11:19-28. 

 WILKE, F„ AND A. J. NICHOLSON. 



1958. Food of porpoises in waters off Japan. J. Mammal. 

 39:441-443. 



JOHN D. HALL 



U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 



Office of Biological Services - Coastal Ecosystems 



800 A Street- Suite 110 



Anchorage, AK 99501 



656 



