Ostrander et at: Behavior of Oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to benzo[a]pyrene 



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Cnucal Stieam 

 Velocily. U* 



Stream 

 Velocity, U 







Swimming Velocity, V 



Figure 2 



Critical stream velocity curve. Successful upstream movement re- 

 quires that the critical stream velocity is greater than the stream 

 velocity. Intersection of U and U* defines the allowable swimming 

 velocity. V. required for successful movement into the upstream 

 compartment. 



exposed to B[a]P became fati^ied faster or swam 

 upstream slower. In the first case, the critical stream- 

 velocity curve of exposed fish would fall below the 

 curve for unexposed fish. In the second case, the lower 

 swimming velocity of the exposed fish would fall out- 

 side the allowable velocity range for successful up- 

 stream migration. The experiments were not designed 

 to resolve such differences. 



The model provides a qualitative basis for inter- 

 preting the experiments. It differs from standard dose- 

 response models that describe the degree of change as 

 a continuous function of the level of duration of tox- 

 icant exposure (Krewski and Brown 1981). The model 

 allows a possible interplay of behavior and stamina for 

 successful upstream movement, although such a sep- 

 aration was not pursued in the study. 



Our results indicate that low levels of toxicants may 

 affect important early-life-history behaviors critical to 

 survival. Though the concentration of B[a]P used in this 

 study is not frequently encountered in nature, the value 

 of this study in predicting what could happen follow- 

 ing some type of major accidental spill or discharge 

 should not be overlooked. Given that a single 24-hour 

 pulse of B[a]P elicited significant behavioral changes, 

 future studies could be directed at understanding the 

 potential effects of low-level chronic exposures which 

 may more accurately mimic natural conditions. 



and D.J. Randall 

 Academic Press, 



Plenum Publ., NY, 



Acknowledgments 



Data presented in this manuscript are included in a 

 dissertation submitted to the College of Ocean and 

 Fishery Science, University of Washington, in partial 

 fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree 

 (GKO). The authors thank Kathleen Sabo for excellent 

 technical assistance. This study was supported by a 

 grant (R-811348) from the U.S. Environmental Protec- 

 tion Agency. 



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