Waring et al : Incidental take of marine mammals off northieast United States 



359 



changes in the offshore cetacean communities, and the 

 unknown DWF incidental mortality levels on compo- 

 nents of the dolphin stocks when the DWF is fishing 

 outside the EEZ, may be more of a factor in structur- 

 ing present dolphin population trends than the levels 

 of incidental takes that occur within the EEZ. 



Also, we do not know the historical rates of take dur- 

 ing the period 1960-76, when over 100 fishing vessels 

 operated inside the EEZ per year. Since these fleets 

 were not restricted by time or space, it is not unrea- 

 sonable to assume that the number of dolphins taken 

 pre-MFCMA were equal to or greater than the present. 

 However, extrapolation of current levels of take to 

 historical DWF fishing effort off the U.S. east coast 

 (beyond speculation) would not be appropriate for 

 several reasons. These include differences in the 

 spatial/seasonal components of the fisheries over time 

 and changes in the principal targeted species that have 

 occurred during the past several decades. Likewise, the 

 marine mammal/finfish/squid associations might have, 

 likewise, changed during this time period. Also, tech- 

 nological changes in fishing gear and vessels have im- 

 proved greatly during the past two decades, which 

 might have increased the rate of take in recent years. 

 Changes in the nationalities, and their associated 

 fishing techniques, represented in the DWF have also 

 occurred and could effect the rate of take of mammal 

 species. 



Acknowledgments 



We thank Doug Beach, Steve Murawski, Tom Pola- 

 check, Tim Smith, and two anonymous referees for 

 reviewing this manuscript. We acknowledge and thank 

 the foreign fishery obsei'vers for collecting the inciden- 

 tal take data, and their dedication to obtaining bio- 

 logical samples. 



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