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Fishery Bulletin 88(3), 1990 



continental slopes. Species oi Lebbeus are the deepest 

 eastern Pacific hippolytids, living as deep as 2824 m. 

 Except for Heptaearpus yaldwyni, species oi Hepfacar- 

 pus usually range from the upper intertidal zone to the 



continental shelf. Species of Hippolyte live in shallow 

 water with sea grasses or beds of algae. Species of 

 Lysmata live in tidepools or in cracks and caves among 

 coral or rocks from the intertidal zone to shallow sub- 

 tidal areas. Thor amboiensis tends to associate with 

 subtidal cnidarians. Thor algicola, Thor spinosus, Tra- 

 chycaris restrictus, and Latreutes antiborealis live 

 among algae or on subtidal bottoms of sand, rock, coral, 

 or rubble. Leontocaris pacificus lives on the continen- 

 tal slope. 



Classification of the hippolytid shrimp is in flux. Ac- 

 cording to Williams (1984), species of the family are 

 characterized by having the first two pairs of legs 

 chelate, the first pair not much stronger than the rest, 

 the carpus of the second pair of legs subdivided, the 

 eyes well developed and not covered by the carapace, 

 and the mandibles usually deeply cleft. A recent 

 cladistic analysis by Christoffersen (1988) splits the 

 Hippolytidae into at least seven families and divides 

 them among two superfamilies, the Crangonoidea and 

 the Alpheoidea. However, this analysis did not provide 

 familial placement for all of the genera considered to 

 belong to the traditional family Hippolytidae and pro- 

 vided no key to the groups. Reinterpretation of some 

 of the genera of hippolytids, such as Eualus, also is 

 being considered by Christofferson and others. 



Despite the confusion surrounding the systematic 

 relationships among hippolytids, it seems useful to pro- 

 vide a key to the species. The last comprehensive key 

 to the species of the northeastern Pacific was prepared 

 by Rathbun (1904); the most recent extensive synon- 

 ymy and list of species was included in the work of 

 Holthuis (1947). More recent keys are available for 

 British Columbia (Butler 1980), the Gulf of California 

 (Wicksten 1983), and Peru (Mendez 1981). Illustrations 

 and keys to intertidal species have been provided in ac- 

 counts of the fauna of Puget Sound and adjacent areas 

 (Kozloff 1974), California (Ricketts et al. 198.5; Smith 

 and Carlton 1975; Chace and Abbott 1980) and the Gulf 

 of California (Brusca 1980; Kerstitch 1989). Fourteen 

 new species have been described since 1947 (Butler 

 1971, 1980; Jensen 1983, 1987; Kobyakova 1967; 

 Wicksten and Butler 1983; Wicksten and Mendez 1982; 

 Wicksten 1984, 1986. 1987a; Zarenkov 1976). 



The following key includes all hippolytid species 

 reported from the Aleutian Islands (south of the Ber- 

 ing Sea) to Cape Horn, excluding the Straits of Magel- 

 lan. The arrangement in the key is artificial. Geo- 

 graphic and depth ranges are provided. Superscript 

 numbers in parentheses at the ends of couplets refer 

 to notes following the key, where further information 

 on ranges, synonyms, and species of uncertain classi- 

 fication can be found. 



