Wisner and McMillan Three new Eptatretus species from North American Pacific coast 



795 



DM length 24% (20-26%) of TL. Width of DM 15% 

 (13-18%) of its length, its depth 64% (54-80%) of its 

 width. DM to VA 9% (0-15%) of DM length. VA length 

 31% (23-36%) of DM length. Numbers of GP in posi- 

 tions relative to DM and VA, Areas I, II, III, are given 

 in Table 7, defined in Figure 4, and compared with 

 similar data for the other four species treated herein. 

 Afferent duct of last GA, left side, always confluent 

 with PCD. 



Eggs Mature eggs large, usually distinctly curved. 

 The largest egg found measured 52.3 x 10.5 mm and 

 was among 14 large eggs in a 500-mm TL female. Ap- 

 parently very few eggs mature at one time from the 

 many hundreds of tiny, round to slightly ovoid eggs 

 normally present. No more than 15 nor fewer than 8 

 large eggs (30 mm and longer) were present in any 

 female. Anchor filaments were visible on all eggs of 

 35 mm length or more, but were still encapsulated. 

 The sex ratio oiE. deani is notably unbalanced. Of 

 a total of 480 specimens, 74% were female, 26% male. 

 The smallest female noted was 249 mm TL, the 

 smallest male 255 mm TL. 



Eptatretus stoutii (Lockington 1 878) 



Synonymy The following synonymy includes only 

 those references arbitrarily considered by us to have 

 taxonomic, behavioral, or distributional value and not 

 mere usage of the name. About 120 references using 

 the name stouti or stoutii pertain only to biochemical 

 and/or physiological studies that serve no apparent 

 taxonomic purpose and are not included. 



Bdellostoma stoutii Lockington, 1878:792-793 (original 

 description; compared with B. polytrema; mouth of 

 Eel River, Humboldt County, California); Jordan and 

 Gilbert 1883:6 (brief description, after Lockington; 

 coast of California; not rare). 



Bdellostoma stouti, Dean 1899:223-276 (embryonic 

 development of larvae and eggs). 



BdeUostom.a dombeyi, Jordan and Gilbert 1883:57 (in 

 part; characters and feeding habits; California); 

 Worthington 1905:625-663 (description, behavior in 

 aquaria; habitat in Monterey Bay; counts of gill open- 

 ings; feeding; eggs); Ayers and Worthington 1907: 

 327-336 (figures and description, lateral lines found 

 only on head). 



Honiea stoutii, Dean 1903:295-298 (partial albinism in 

 anterior portion), 1904: 6. 7. 16, 18, 20 (seasonal 

 spawning; largest are females; California). 



Heptatretus stouti, Regan 1912:534-535 (synonymy; 

 comparisons; diagnosis; California). 



Eptatretus stouti, Starks and Morris 1907:161 (com- 

 mon in deep water off San Diego; north to Cape Flat- 

 tery; abundant in Monterey Bay); Strahan 1963:22 



(behavior and attitudes in aquaria); Linthicum 1971: 

 17-22 (immunological study; tying itself in knots to 

 remove slime; slime production, teeth); Kukowski 

 1972:24, 37, 43 (Monterey Bay and Elkhorn Slough; 

 references), 1973:7, 19, 22-23 (Monterey Bay; occur- 

 rence data; recurrent groupings); Anonymous 1973: 

 68 (observed at camera station at 306 m, SW of 

 White's Point, southern California); Allen 1976:95 

 (only species not taken in otter trawl or by setline 

 in Santa Monica Bay, southern California; has been 

 so collected elsewhere); Downing et al. 1981:326-328 

 (description and figures of mucus thread cells in slime 

 glands); Fernholm 1985:113-122 (in part; no ciliated 

 cells or innervation or electroreceptory capacity 

 found in lateral lines). 



Polistotrema stouti, Clemens and Wilby 1946:9 (char- 

 acters; white margin on ventral finfold; reaches 25 

 inches; species attacked; attachment of eggs; W 

 coast, Vancouver I.). 



Polistotrema stoutii, Fowler 1908:461 (Pacific Grove 

 on Monterey Bay, California; gill opening counts for 

 8 specimens); Clemens and Wilby 1961:18, 49-50 

 (description; history on British Columbia west coast; 

 eggs; southern California to SE Alaska; in part); 

 Mclnerney and Evans 1970:966-968 (habitat char- 

 acteristics; Mayne Bay in Barkley Sound, Vancouver 

 I.); Sasaki 1972:283 (Queen Charlotte Sound, Van- 

 couver I.; rare). 



Dodecatrema stoutii, Fowler 1947:3 (proposed new 

 name to replace Bdellostoma). 



Eptatretus stoutii, Jensen 1959:798 (albino and piebald 

 variants; ratio to normal; habitat; abundance in 

 southern California; submarine canyons tributary to 

 San Diego Trough; 210 fathoms), 1966:82-90 (habits; 

 description and figures of the four hearts; functions); 

 Taylor 1967:181-187 (chromosome numbers: prob- 

 ably supernumeraries; Alaska to Baja California; 

 habitat; 60-1800 feet); Day and Pearcy 1968:2668 

 (depth distribution off Oregon); Bourne and McAlis- 

 ter 1969:3248 (compared with E. deani); Miller and 

 Lea 1972:32 (Pt. San Pablo. Baja CaHfornia, to SE 

 Alaska: length to 25 inches; depth range 30-2400 

 feet; description); Hart 1973:16, 18-19, 53 (compari- 

 sons in key; description; common; geographical and 

 bathymetric distribution in and off Barkley Sound; 

 probably quite generally distributed in British Co- 

 lumbia; Alaska records not confirmed in recent re- 

 views; references; egg cases); Smith and Hessler 

 1974:72-73 {in situ respiration rate significantly 

 greater than that oi E. deani); Anonymous 1974:50 

 (observed only during day at baited camera off Palos 

 Verdes, California); Fernholm 1975:201-203 (struc- 

 ture and deposition of eggs compared with that of 

 E. btirgeri; Bdellostoma dombeyi of Worthington 

 referrable to E. stoutii); Jespersen 1975:189-198 



