224 



Fishery Bulletin 105(2) 



450 



500 



700 



750 



Fork length (mm) 



Figure 13 



Eighth precaudal vertebra in lateral view (outlines traced from radiographs, anterior to left, plotted 

 against fork length) of crevalle jack iCaranx hippos) (vertetra numbers 1-17, western Atlantic; 

 18, eastern Atlantic, in black; see discussion of geographic variation in species account.) and 

 Pacific crevalle jack (Caranx caninus) (19-30). Numbers correspond to those given in Appendix 

 2 where associated catalog numbers, specimen sizes, and localities are also provided. 



Caranx hippos (not of Linnaeus): Jordan and Gilbert, 

 1883:201 (synonymy; in part; C. caninus listed as 

 synonym); Jordan, 1895:432 (misidentification in 

 part; important food fish, occasionally entering estu- 

 aries; specimens from west coast and Havana indis- 

 tinguishable; Mazatlan); Gilbert and Starks, 1904:77 

 (misidentification in part; Pacific and Atlantic speci- 

 mens compared and considered conspecific; Panama 

 Bay); Nichols, 1920:44 (Gulf of California fish indis- 

 tinguishable from those from Atlantic coast); Meek 

 and Hildebrand, 1925:350 (misidentification in part; 

 distribution "Panama, common on both coasts of 

 tropical America"); Hildebrand, 1946:208 (descrip- 

 tion; Peru); Fierstine, 1968:1, Figs. 1-5 (description 

 of dorsal-fin pterygiophore hyperostosis in Mio- 

 cene deposits and living Caranx); Berry, 1974:240 

 (eastern Pacific and western Atlantic specimens 

 essentially identical); Amezcua-Linares, 1996:88, 

 unnumbered Fig. (description; biology; Mexico); Cas- 

 tro-Aquirre and Balart. 2002:166 (listed; Revilla- 

 gigedo Islands). 



Caranx (Tricropterus) hippos: Hiyama, 1937:33, color pi. 

 12 ("often identified to C. caninus Giinther; reaches 2 

 feet, abundant, good food fish"). 



Caranx hippos caninus: Nichols, 1937:58 (specimens 

 from Ecuador compared with Atlantic C. hippos); 

 Hobson, 1968:63, fig. 25 (predatory behavior; Gulf of 

 California). 



Diagnosis A member of the Caranx hippos complex 

 with the following combination of characters: segmented 

 dorsal-fin rays 19-21 (Table 2); segmented anal-fin 

 rays 16 or 17; posttemporal bones, cleithra, and neural 

 spines of vertebrae never hyperossified (Fig. 14); first 

 pterygiophore of dorsal fin distinctly hyperossfied in 

 adults >38 cm FL (Figs. 11, 14); first pterygiophore of 

 anal fin distinctly hyperossified, and having a convex 

 anterior profile, in adults >40 cm FL (Figs. 14, B-C, 

 15); either none or 5th pleural rib only hyperossified 

 (Fig. 14A) in adults ^38 cm FL; in specimens >20 cm 

 FL, heights of longest dorsal- and anal-fin rays 1.3-1.7 

 and 1.3-2.0 mm, respectively, in head length; and anal- 

 fin lobe varying from entirely white to brownish-orange 

 in adults. 



Comparisons Caranx caninus and C. hippos have 

 identical or broadly overlapping mensural and mer- 

 istic values (Tables 2-4), although C. caninus usu- 



