BEACHAM ET AL.: YLKON RIVER CHUM SALMON POPULATION 



square root transformation to normalize the data. 

 We then used an analysis of variance model: 



Y,jki = ^^ + T, + Fj + TF,j + R^ji, + e.^ki 



where i^,jA-/ = transformed survival rate, 



yi = overall mean, 



Tj = fixed effect of temperature {i = 

 1-3), 



Fj = random effect of family (j = 1-5), 



TFij = random interaction between tem- 

 perature and family, 



R^Jl^ = random effect of replicate {k = 

 1-2), and 



e-j./ = error term for l\h observation in 

 subgroup ijk. 



Variation in alevin and fry size characters was ana- 



lyzed with the same model. Satterthwaite's (1946) 

 approximation was necessary to calculate an appro- 

 priate mean square to test the effect of family. 



Biochemical Genetics 



Biochemical genetic sampling began on Canadian 

 populations in 1984 and was expanded in 1985 to 

 include United States populations (Fig. 1). Method- 

 ology of sample collection has been outlined by 

 Beacham et al. (1985). Summarized briefly, heart, 

 liver, and muscle samples were collected from adult 

 chum salmon, frozen, and stored at - 20°C for later 

 electrophoretic analysis by a consultant. We verified 

 the scoring of all gels from a complete photographic 

 record. Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis, de- 

 scribed by Utter et al. (1974), was used to detect 

 protein variation. The loci and buffer systems used 



n — 



150° 



180° 



170° 



160° 



140= 



130° 



70° 



BEAUFORT 

 SEA 



100 500 



kilometres 



-65° 



-60° 



NORTON 

 SOUND 



J_ 



Figure 1.— Locations in Yukon River drainage where chum sahiion were sampled during 1984-1986. Listed in ascending 

 order are (l)Teshn River. (2) Kluane River, (3) Koidern River, (4) Yukon River at Minto, (5) Dawson City, (6) Fishing 

 Branch River, (7) Porcupine River at Old Crow, (8) Sheenjek River, (9) Chandalar River, (10) Delta River, (ll)Toklat 

 River, (12) Yukon River at Emmonak. 



665 



