292 



Fishery Bulletin 97(2), 1999 



haden's range are exclusively zooplanktivores (Bige- 

 low and Schroeder, 1953). Mesozooplankton are com- 

 petitors for both food and prey of the menhaden (Peck, 

 1893; Durbin and Durbin, 1975). Menhaden are im- 

 portant in nearshore food webs as primary herbivores 

 and are a major prey species for predatory fishes 

 ( Bigelow and Schroeder, 1953; Friedland et al., 1989; 

 Baird and Ulanowicz, 1989); because of their great 

 abundance, they support one of the largest domestic 

 fmfisheries in the United States (Ahrenholz et al., 

 1987). 



Acknowledgments 



This research was stimulated by an opportunity 

 granted to two of us (A. and E. Durbin) many years 

 ago to work in the laboratories of William Hettler 

 and David Peters of the National Marine Fisheries 

 Service Laboratory at Beaufort, NC, who were pio- 

 neering the experimental study of menhaden in the 

 laboratory We thank Jonathan Hopkins for the de- 

 sign and construction of the flume respirometer and 

 for his assistance during the experiments. This re- 

 search was supported by NSF grants OCG 89-15610 

 and OCG91-01985. This paper is dedicated to Ann 

 Durbin who passed away in July 1995. 



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