Polovina et al.; Application of satellite altimetry to simulate transport dynamics of Panuliivs marginatus 137 



35'N 



A diff.=1000m2/sec, 180 days 



35'N 



30'N 



25-N 



20"N 



15'N 



10'N 



% of total 

 • > - 0.05 



0,05-0.25 



0.25-05 



... 0.5  1 



O >1 



165"E 170'E 175"E 180' l75W 170'W 165"W 160'W 155'W 150"W 145"W 



30'N 



25"N 



20"N 



15'N 



10N 



35'N 



B diff.=1000fn2/sec, 365 days 



35'N 



30'N 



25'N 



20"N 



15'N 



10"N 



% of total 

  >0-0.05 



= 0.05 - 0.25 



o 0.25-0.5 



O 0.5-1 



O >i 



165'E 170"E 175'E 



' ^ .^V!^^ ;^* ^4.. J. " 



p ^:. jv, .' • r'.L'^.*>'^H'isa* 







30'N 



25'N 



20'N 



15'N 



10'N 



180' 



175'W 170'W 165'W 160'W 155"W 150'W 145'W 



Figure 5 



Simulated spatial distribution of 5000 larvae (A) 180 and (B) 365 days after release 

 on 1 July 1995 at Maro with an eddy diffusion rate of 1000 m^/sec. Solid circles 

 denote Oahu. Necker, and Midway Islands, and the star marks Maro Island. 



diffusion rate of 1000 m^/sec had a lognormal distri- 

 bution but underrepresented the heavy tails of the 

 actual larval-tow frequency distribution. The fre- 

 quency distribution from transects with an eddy dif- 

 fusion rate of 100 m"/sec had extremely heavy tails, 

 in fact bimodal distribution. Either very few larvae 

 were encountered or many larvae were encountered, 

 resulting in a distribution that had too many large 

 clumps compared with the observed distribution. 

 However, an eddy diffusion rate of 500 m^/sec pro- 

 duced a larval frequency distribution that closely 



matched the distribution from the larval tows, and 

 this value was used in all subsequent simulations. 



At the end of their larval period, spiny lobster lar- 

 vae metamorphose into pueruli that, at least for other 

 spiny lobster species, are capable of directed hori- 

 zontal swimming over 40-60 km (Pearce and Phil- 

 lips, 1994). For P. marginatus, it is not known how 

 close a larva needs to be to a bank at the end of its 

 larval period to recruit to that bank. The 200-m iso- 

 bath around the islands and banks of the archipe- 

 lago is generally circular and marks the points at 



