318 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 



maxillary to posterior margin of orbit rather narrow, its width at end about 1.5 in orbit; mouth oblique, 

 the upper edge of premaxillary below revel of lower margin of orbit; teeth in jaws in broad villiform 

 bands, the band of lower jaw a trifle broader behind, that in upper jaw widening in front, terminating on 

 each side of the symphysis as a rounded lobe, a narrow mesial toothless ridge in each jaw; teeth of both 

 jaws immovable, pointing inward ; vomer with a broad V-shaped band of teeth, the arms of the V rounded ; 

 no teeth on palatines; lower jaw included, its band of teeth shutting inside those of the upper jaw; 

 premaxillary separated from maxillary by a deep furrow; upper lip a narrow continuous ridge, followed 

 by a high ridge of skin, which usually lies back toward the maxillary; lower lip a high thin fold at the 

 sides, growing thicker in front and interrupted mesially by a broad frenurn; a rather prominent, rounded 

 knob at symphysis of lower jaw. 



Gill-membrane forming a rather thick but shallow fold across the isthmus; gills 4, the slit behind 

 the fourth represent ed by a very small pore on the left side, on the right no opening evident; gillrakers 

 represented by broad, low, rounded tubercles, which are very hispid and rough to the touch-, like 

 shagreen; head with a few spines and various ridges; nasal spines short, stout, sharp, pointing backward, 

 the distance between them about two-thirds orbit; supraocular ridge beginning as a large raised area in 

 front of eye, continued backward as a blunt high ridge, widening posteriorly and terminating in a rather 

 high rough postocular tubercle which ends abruptly; at the base of this, two diverging short 

 ridges between which rise the prominent supraoccipital ridges, these converging backward to the base 

 of tin- occiput, whore each ends in a raised elongate very rough tubercle much like those In-hind the eye; 

 a broad, diverging, smooth, blade-shaped ridge extending from the supraoccipital tubercles nearly to 

 upper angle of gill-slit, and from the posterior end of this ridge, rising at a sudden angle, a posteriorly 

 projecting ridge which ends in the stout, short, scapular spine; a long low ridge below the eye, and another 

 back and behind eye, pointing downward; suborbital stay prominent, running backward nearly to the 

 base of the upper preopercular spine; a high broken ethmoidal ridge running across upper part of cheek, 

 extending from behind eye toward top of gill-slit, and a prominent ridge from a break in its center 

 toward the base of the upper preopercular spine. 



Preopercular spines 4, the upper stout, about as long as orbit, straight, pointing outward and back- 

 ward, covered nearly to the tip with skin, which is warty or rough papillose at its base; second spine 

 not quite half so long, pointing downward and outward; third spine a prominent tubercle; fourth; 

 stout, sharp, pointing downward and forward, rather remote from the others; opercular spine short and 

 sharp, nearly covered with skin, terminating a long, prominent, striate, rather curved ridge, which is 

 parallel with the upper edge of the opercular flap; opercular flap long, rather thin, extending upward 

 and backward and beyond the spine for a distance nearly equal to diameter of orbit. 



Spinous dorsal high, its general contour rounded, its membrane roundly scalloped between the 

 spines, spines long, slender and sharp, the longest (fourth) 3.75 in head, the two spines in front closely 

 approximated, the others rather remote (distance about one-half orbit"), the posterior spines shortest, 

 origin of dorsal above suprascapular spine; base 2.25 in head, nearly equal to snout and orbit; interval 

 between spinous and soft dorsal conspicuous, about two-thirds orbit; base of soft dorsal 1.9 in head, its 

 rays 1. >ng, sti lut . conspicuously ringed, none of them branched, a few of the anterior shorter, the contour 

 of the tin gently rounded in front and behind, the median portion straight, the margin gently scalloped, 

 the rays not produced, longest rays nearly equal to snout; anal similar in outline to soft dorsal, its 

 membrane, however, considerably thicker, the rays tinner and stouter, ending in rather stout tips; 

 origin of anal below fourth anal ray, anal base equal to a distance from tip of snout to posterior margin 

 of orbit ; pectoral very broad, the base procurrent, close to and parallel with the edge of the gill-opening, 

 nearly all the rays, especially the lower, very thick and stout, almost club-shaped and projecting slightly 

 as blunt points beyond the membrane, the lowest very short, gradually lengthening to the first from the 

 uppermost, the uppermost a trifle shorter than second; the three upper rays somewhat slender, displaying 

 the articulations, the others not; longest ray (second) equal to distance from tip of snout to a little 

 beyond posterior margin of orbit, the tip of the fin reaching to end of base of first dorsal but not quite 

 reaching vent; ventral rays and membrane exceedingly thick, the inner ray somewhat the longer, the 

 tin somewhat acute, the greatest length equal to length of snout, the tips reaching about half-way to 

 vent from their base; caudal truncate, fan-shaped, the tips of the forked rays extending beyond tips 

 of membrane as closely approximated points, two near together; peritoneum dusky. 



No scales, nearly all of upper part of head as well as tip of maxillary covered with minute wartlike 

 elevations, the lower part of the cheek and a patch above suborbital stay and backward and downward 



