Ushdkov (1951) and 0. B. f-bkiyevskiy (1953), of the Shdntarsky Islands-- 

 I. G. Zdchs (1929). For the upper portion of the intertidal zone itself 

 in the northern Sea of Okhotsk, bands of Gloiopeltis furcata and 

 Heterochordarid abietina + Myelophycus intestinale with a sparse fauna 

 consisting primarily of Littorina sitchana and Chthamalus dalli , and 

 particuldrly, settlements of bdrndcles-- Ch. ddll i . Q_, crendtus dnd _B. 

 bdldnoides --dre most chdracteristic. 



Extensive development of banks of Mytilus edulis are a 

 characteristic feature of the littoral of the continental coast of the 

 Sea of Okhotsk, giving it features of external similarity to the White 

 Sea intertidal zone. The number of mussels is usually great among 

 stands of fucus, but the clusters of mussels descend to horizon III, 

 where they are frequently quite dense. In addition to the mussels, 

 settlements of fucus are often seen in the lower portion of the 

 eulittoral system, while the formation of varied, usually mosaically 

 arranged small algae, primarily red and brown algae, is most common. 

 The biomass of plants in the communities of the upper portion of the 

 eulittoral is 150-800 g/m^ in stands of Gloiopeltis capillaris , 250-800 

 g/m in the band of Heterochordarid abietina + Myelophycus intestinale . 

 up to 3-4 kg/m^ in the group of Porphyra ochotensis and up to 5 kg/m^ in 

 the band of Halosaccion gldndiforme (Vozzhinskdyd, 1965, 1957; Blinova, 

 Vozzhinskaya, 1974). An equally high plant biomass is seen in associa- 

 tions of fucus, Corall ina pil u1 iferd dnd various red algae--up to 4-9.5 

 kg/mS 



In the northern and centrdl Kurile, in the upper portion of the 

 littordl system, communities of Gloiopeltis furcdtd , 

 Porphyra umbil ical is , Acrosi phonia , 81 indingia , ftinostroma , and in 

 places Heterochordarid abietina usually develop. Barnacles do not 

 settle here. Mast characteristic for the middle portion of the system 

 are stands of Fucus evdnescens , or if the surf is strong-- 

 Balanus cariosus settlements with biomass of up to 21 kq/n/ (Kussdkin et 

 dl., 1974) . STTght development of Mytilus edulis is chdrdcteristic. 

 For the lower portion of the littordl system, the red algae Rhodymenia 

 stenogona , Rhodomela larix , Rhodoglossum japonicum , Iridaea cornucopiae , 

 Ptilotd asplenioides are characteristic, while the characteristic 

 animals are the gastropods Littorina kurila . Lacuna reflexa , 

 Nucel la freycineti , Buccinum percrassum , _B. baeri , Col 1 isella spp., 

 primarily _C. cdssis , the bivdlves Vildsind vernicosd , Turtonid minuta , 

 the polychaetes Nereis vexillosa , Chone teres , the crdbs 

 Pdgurus hirsutiusculus and P. inTddendorf f i , the isopods Idotea aleutica 

 and a large number of dmphipods. In the middle Kurile, hermit crdbs dnd 

 isopods are absent. 



In the southern Kurile, southern Sakhdlin and the northern portion 

 of the Japan Sea, right down to Nevel'skiy Bay, the intertidal zone is 

 of lower boreal type. The overall appearance of the communities of the 

 eulittoral is retained, but it is characteristic that the upper portion 

 of the system contdins bdnds of Chthdmdlus ddlli and the fukoid 

 Pel vetia wrightii , while the lower portion features certain warm-water 

 dlgde. There is d grddudl disappeardnce of the high boredl species, 

 repldced by vicarious low boredl species. Furthermore, general 

 enrichment of the specific composition of the fauna is observed. The 



150 



