Diatoms 



Bacteria 



Herbivores: copepoda, cuphausiids, I '' 

 pteropoda 



Ji^ 



Plonktonic zoophages: coelenterata, 

 copepoda, chaetognatha, hyperiidae, 

 euphausiids 



_iU- 



Protozoa 



) 



Ba 



leen ;;halesH~^A 



B 



Planktophagic fish: herring, cape- 

 lin, saury, pollock anchovy, etc. 



V Predaceous fish, squid, salmon, cod, A 

 ^ etc. / 



Phytoplankton 



I — ^ Bacteric 

 I // 



A- 



Herbivorous plankton: copepoda, 

 salps, euphausiids, pteropoda 



I r 



±- 



^r ^ Protozc: 



V 



.q 



:/, 



Small predaceous zooplankton: cope- 

 poda, chaetognaths, polychaetes, 

 coelenterata 



/ 



/ 



/ 



^ 



Predaceous plankton and micronekton: 

 shrimp, coelenterata, sr.all fish 



Small nektonic predators: squid, 

 medium-sized fish, etc. 



A. 



Large nektonic predators: tuna, 

 dorado, swordfish, sharks, etc. 



T 



Largest nektonic predators: great 

 wh ile shark (cnrjarodon) , etc. 



Fig. 2. Flow charts of basic food chains in polar and temperate (A) 

 and tropical (B) areas of the ocean. 



40 



