prevosti and Oligochaetae (Kussakin, 1953). The lower band of 

 Fucus vesiculosus is clearly seen only in areas with moderate surf. 

 There dre usually few animal s--_B. balanoides and L. obtusata predomi- 

 nate, f'tost characteristic for the true intertidaT zone of Murman is the 

 community of Fucus distichus . For the lower portion of the eulittoral 

 system, communities of small algae, primarily red algae, are 

 characteristic. They sometimes form a mosaic continuum. The fauna here 

 is much more varied than in the fucoid communities: Between the 

 thallomes of small algae, we find small mollusks, isopods, amphipods, 

 polychaetes, etc. In the habitats below _F. distichus , protected from 

 the surf, Ascophyllum nodosum develops. 



Predominance of the same _B. balanoides , Mytilus edulis and fucoids, 

 with the number of bands of the latter in the intertidal zone still less 

 than in Murman, and with some reduction in the number of species, is 

 characteristic for the White Sea. Below the communities of 

 Porphyra umbil ical is + Q_. balanoides , there is usually a well developed 

 band of Fucus vesiculosus , still lower--a band of Ascophyllum nodosum . 

 Of the animals, the mussels usually predominate clearly, while Ej_ 

 balanoides, L. obtusata and L. littorea Are also rather numerous. 



In the boreal zone of the Pacific Ocean, we find quite similar 

 communities, though more varied in specific composition, although for 

 certain formations (e.g., the fucoids) we find exceptions. The main 

 "characters" here are also the mussels (_fl. edul is , _M. cal ifornianus ) , 

 the barnacles ( Chthamalus dalli , _B. cariosus , _B. glandula , _B. balanoides 

 and _B. crenatus ) and the fucoids. The selection of fucoids is not as 

 rich here as in the North Atlantic: Fucuis evanescens (similar to the 

 Atlantic _F. distichus ) , Pelvetia wrighti i , _P. fastigiata and 

 Pelvetiopsis limitata . 



For the surf intertidal zone of the Bering Sea coast of Chukotka, 

 multiannual algae are typically absent due to the long, severe ice 

 cover. A significant portion of the intertidal zone itself is occupied 

 by the community Porphyra pseudol inearis + Urospora penicilliformis + 

 Bacillariophyta, while in places communities of Scytosiphon dotyi + 

 Petalonia fascia + Pylaiiella littoralis develop. In the lower portion, 

 we sometimes observe a belt of Halosaccion compressum with H. 

 glandiforme and Iridaea cornucopiae intermixed. Of the animals, oli- 

 gochaetes predominate, less frequently amphipods. The biomass of 

 animals is never over 20 g/m^. 



The intertidal zone of Anadyrskiy Bay is quite poor, both qualita- 

 tively and quantitatively, but further to the south, in the direction of 

 Olyutorsky Bay, the arid zone is gradually enriched and takes on 

 features characteristic for a high boreal intertidal zone in the far 

 eastern seas. The intertidal zone of eastern Kamchatka is populated 

 quite richly and can be characterized as a typical high boreal 

 intertidal zone of the northwestern Pacific (Spasskiy, 1961). The high 

 boreal type of intertidal zone is also well represented by a large 

 portion of the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, south to Cape Terpenia and 

 Friz Bay, and also along the Pacific coast of the Kurile to the south to 

 Yekaterina Bay. The intertidal zone of the individual sections of the 

 continental coast of the Sea of Okhotsk has been described by P. V. 



149 



