peculiarities of the low boreal intertidal zone are most clearly 

 expressed along the coast of southern Primor'ye, where the tidal range 

 is short, and where Fucus evanescens disappears, and Pelvetia wrightii 

 becomes more rare, h'ost characteristic for the upper portion of the 

 littoral are Littorina mandshurica and j.. brevicula , a band of 

 Gloiopeltis furcata , sometimes forming mixed stands with _H. abietina , 

 and a band of Chthamalus dal 1 i , while in the lower section we see mosa- 

 ically distributed stands with predominance of red algae. 



The high boreal intertidal zone of the Pacific coast of America has 

 a great deal in common with the high boreal intertidal zone of Asia. 

 However, due to the less severe winter conditions here, there is a 

 significant influx of warm-water species, e.g., the crabs Pugettia , 

 Oregonia and Cancer . The high boreal intertidal zone, characteristic, 

 in particular, for the Aleutian Islands and the Gulf of Alaska, begins 

 to be replaced by a low-boreal intertidal zone (much more gradually than 

 along the coast of Asia) around Vancouver Island and the northern 

 portion of the coast of the state of Washington. The typical low boreal 

 intertidal zone of northern California extends with slight variations to 

 Cape Conception (Ricketts, Calvin, 1961; Stephenson, Stephenson, 1972). 



In southern California, the intertidal zone is of subtropical type, 

 although with some boreal aspects, a result of the relatively cold water 

 which washes this coast even in summer. The southern features are 

 introduced with settlements of the gastropods Vermetidae-- 

 Spiroglyphus lituellus and Altes squamigerus , the relative abundance of 

 the trochids Norrisia , Tegula funebralis , T. ligulata , the turbinids 

 straea undosa and the bivalve mollusk Pseudochama exogyra . Calcareous 

 red algae are also abundant in the lower portion of the intertidal zone. 



Along the coast of Asia, the lower boreal intertidal zone extends 

 to the south approximately to Cape Inubo and Sado Island along the coast 

 of Japan and to Wan San along the coast of Korea. 



Along the northwestern coast of Honshu Island, the intertidal zone 

 is a transient type between low boreal and subtropical, the boreal 

 Chthamalus dalli being replaced by the subtropical 



Chthamalus challengeri (Hoshiai et al., 1965). The intertidal zone of 

 Sagami Bay on the Pacific coast of Honshu is of subtropical type, 

 although there is some intermixture of boreal species and genera, e.g., 

 Strongylocentrotus (Gislen, 1943). Of the barnacles, Balanus amphitrite 

 and Tetrad ita squamosa are characteristic for the uper portion of the 

 intertidal zone, of the al gae- -Monostroma , Sargassum thunbergi and 

 Turbinaria , for the lower portion-- Chondrus + Gigartina , stilT lower-- 

 Corallina + Pachyarthron + Laurencia with the characteristic craboid 

 Petrol isThes Japonicus . A community of _Ch^. dal 1 i is still retained on 

 the rocky intertidal zone of the Yellow Sea, but is mixed with many 

 subtropical species. Lower down are belts of oysters and ulva algae 

 (Gurjanova et al . , 1958). In the eastern China Sea, we observe massive 

 development of warm-water cirripedian crustaceans Tetrad ita squamosa 

 and Mitella mitella (Mokiyevskiy , 1967). In the southern China Sea on 

 shores with surf and high salinity, coral reefs develop, though they are 

 sparse. The remains of ancient colonies of coral which have died are 

 still more commonly seen. 



151 



