result of which their population has been greatly reduced (Stokell, 

 1961) or even completely eliminated (in the Gulf of Maine). In 1933- 

 1939, in the Soviet Union, dog salmon were introduced to the rivers of 

 the White and Barents Seas, but this experiment was not successful. In 

 1956-1964, each year, developing eggs of humpback salmon, and, in 

 smaller quantities, dog salmon, were transported from Sakhalin to Murman 

 and the White Sea, where the eggs were reincubated, the larvae and fry 

 were released into the sea. In all, some 49 million individuals were 

 released. In 1960, humpback salmon, apparently some of those fry 

 released in 1959, returned to the coast of the White Sea, Murman, as 

 well as Norway, England, and Iceland; in all, over 80,000 individuals 

 were counted (Shearer, 1961). Later, great runs of humpback salmon were 

 reported in 1965, 1971 and 1973, while in the other years, the runs were 

 much smaller--a few dozen to a few thousand fish. Since 1966, stocking 

 of fry has been resumed. Apparently, complete naturalization of the 

 humpback salmon to the European north has not occurred, and its 

 existence there is supported by the transport of eggs from Sakhalin and 

 maintained by the fortune of favorable weather conditions (mild winters) 

 in some years. 



Transplantation of commercial sea fish in the Pacific Ocean basin 

 has involved as yet only a few species. The natural area of 

 distribution of the valuable milkfish ( Chanos chanos ) a hundred years 

 ago encompassed the indo-west Pacific and extended from the Red Sea and 

 east Africa to Hawaii and Polynesia. In 1876-1877, a small number of 

 chanos larvae was released in the sea near San Francisco (H. M. Smith, 

 1896). Finding a free ecologic niche and favorable conditions there, 

 the chanos was fully naturalized and spread south--into the Gulf of 

 California (McHugh, Fitch, 1951) and along the coast of Central America 

 to Panama. At the present time, the milkfish is one of the commercial 

 species of fish along the Pacific coast of Mexico (Berdegue, 1956; 

 Schuster, 1960; Lachner et al . , 1970). The successful introduction of 4 

 species of sea fish from the Society Islands and the Marquesas to the 

 waters of Hawaii was described earlier. We should also recall the 

 successful acclimatization of the salt-water tilapia ( Tilapia 

 mossambica) to estuaries, after it was transported to Honolulu from 

 Singapore in 1951. 



The introduction of 2 species of mullet from the Black Sea into the 

 Caspian Sea was quite successful. The prospects for the introduction of 

 the temperate and cold-water far eastern Kamchatka mackerel 

 ( Pleurogrammus monopterygius ) into the Barents Sea are quite good. A 

 small number of developing mackerel eggs was successfully transplanted 

 to eastern Murman in 1958, 1971-1972 and 1976, where they incubated and 

 the viable larvae were released into the sea (Rass, 1962, 1965). This 

 work has, unfortunately, remained uncompleted. 



The transplantation of organisms desirable to man is, in many 

 cases, accompanied by unintentional autointroduction of undesirable 

 animals, due to insufficient caution in the selection of materials. 



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