tuna vessel owners who scrap ratlier than export their 

 aging vessels. NIKKATSUREN is also addressing the 

 questions of tuna oversupply and flag-of-convenience 

 registration in bilateral private-level meetings with the 

 ROK and Taiwan, and in quadripartite meetings with 

 tlie ROK, Taiwan, and Indonesia. -'' 



VI. Exploratory Fishing 



Tlie Japanese Government, established the Japan 

 Marine Fishery Resources Research Center (J AM ARC) 

 in 1971 under tlie National Law for tlie Promotion of 

 the Development of Marine Fishery Resources. 

 JAMARC is a semi-goveniniental organization whose 

 major objectives are: sponsoring exploratory fisheries 

 by chartered vessels on the high-seas, joint research 

 with coastal states widiin their 200-mile EEZs, and 

 dissemination of research results to the Japanese 

 industry. 



During the past fiscal year, the Japanese 

 Government increased the JAMARC budget from 

 $36.9 million in FY 1992 to $41.5 million in FY 1993. 

 The Japanese Government believes that since the 

 development of unexploited marine fishery resources 

 involves considerable economic risks, effective 

 exploitation is only possible when it is promoted on a 

 comprehensive basis with the full guidance and support 

 of the Goveninient. 



JAMARC has the following research activities 

 scheduled for the Japanese fiscal year 1993 (April 1, 

 1993-March 31, 1994)": 



Tuna Longlining: The 489GRT Kaihatsu Maru will 

 conduct a survey for bigeye tuna on the higliseas of the 

 central soutliem Pacific. 



Tuna Purse Seining: The research vessel Nihon Mam 

 (769GRT) will conduct exploratory yellowfin tuna and 

 skipjack fishing in the tropical Indian Ocean off the 

 coasts of Madagascar and the Seychelles. In addition, 

 it will explore grounds in die eastern Indian Ocean off 

 Sumatra, Indonesia. 



vessel will concentrate its efforts on the relatively 

 unexploited eastern portion of this fishery. 



The Hokusho Maru (286GRT) will explore the 

 skipjack, mackerel, and .sardine resources in the 

 central North Pacific, primarily in an area east of 160 

 degrees east longitude and north of 15 degrees north 

 latitude. 



Pole-and-Line: Tlie Dai 87 Kaio Maru (499GRT) will 

 conduct pole-and-line operations for skipjack and 

 albacore tuna in the West Pacific in waters of the 

 Tasman Sea between Australia and New Zealand. 



Squid Jigging: The Dai 2 Sfiinko Maru (361GRT) will 

 conduct exploratory jigging in two locations; the first 

 is located in the southwest Atlandc off Argentina, and 

 the second is located in the Ecuadoreaii EEZ. 



Bottom Longlining: An unspecified re.search vessels 

 will explore groundfish resources in the central North 

 Pacific, begimiing in January 1994. 



Deepwater Trawling: Tlie 3300GRT Shinkai Maru 

 will conduct exploratory trawling off the coasts of 

 Greenland, Norway, and the Faeroe Islands to 

 determine the feasibility of an at-sea blue whiting 

 surimi fishery. 



VIL Access to Foreign Fishing Grounds'' 



Japan has a great number of governnient-to- 

 govemnient and private bilateral fishery arrangements 

 with foreign countries. Japanese companies have often 

 employed joint ventures to secure access to foreign 

 fishery resources when direct access is constrained by 

 stringent regulations. The total number of joint 

 ventures by both number and type of fishery has 

 remained remarkably stable over the years (appendix 

 PP). Tlie extent of Japan's private investment in 

 foreign fishery enterprises is particularly extensive 

 (appendices QQ-XX). Available information on 

 individual countries is as follows: 



Another Japanese research vessel, the Dai Hachi 

 Teimo Maru (349GRT), will explore the central 

 western Pacific purse seine skipjack fishery. The 



36 



