Morocco: Mdrdcco and Japan have annually 

 renewed a bilateral fishing agreement since 1985. The 

 most recent renewal, completed in mid- 1993, allows up 

 to 30 Japanese longliners to catch tuna, primarily 

 bluefin, in Moroccan waters. Japan will pay $5,500 

 per vessel for tliree months of fishing, a slight decrease 

 from die 1992 fee of $6,500. '"' 



Oman: A fisheries aid agreement was signed with 

 Oman in May 1993."' Japan will provide Oman witli a 

 16-meter fisheries research vessel, send five Japanese 

 fishery experts to tlie Oman Ministry of Agriculture 

 and Fisheries, and train 15 Omanis in Japan. The aid 

 package will be carried out over five years and was 

 budgeted at $10 million. It is unclear whether Japanese 

 access to Omani tuna and demersal resources are a part 

 of tliis agreement. 



Senegal: Japan and Senegal concluded a fisheries 

 agreement on October 14, 1991. The agreement 

 allowed Japanese tuna vessels access to Senegalese 

 waters for the first time since Senegal declared a 200- 

 mile EEZ in 1976. The agreement will allow 40 

 Japanese longliners access in exchange for a fee of 

 $1,500 per vessel per month. In addition, 2 Japanese 

 purse seiners will be granted access for an advance fee 

 of nearly $1,400 per vessel." 



Seychelles; Japanese longliners are licensed to fish 

 for tuna in Seychelles waters. Japan has refused to 

 sign a fishery agreement with the Seychelles because its 

 vessels fish tliere only a few months of the year. The 

 number of Japanese longliners licensed in the 

 Seychelles decreased from 40 in 1988 to 19 in iggo.'" 



Sierra Leone: Tlie Japan-Sierra Leone fisheries 

 agreement gives Japanese tuna longliners and purse 

 seiners access to the Sierra Leone EEZ. The 

 agreement reached in November 1990 imposes an 

 access fee of $2,400 per longliner for 3 months of 

 fishing witli a possible one-month extension for a fee of 

 $800 per longliner. Purse seiners must pay $5,000 per 

 vessel for 3 months, with a possible one-month 

 extension for a fee of $ 1 ,700 per seiner. A total of 20 

 longliners and 2 purse seiners are allowed access under 

 the agreement." 



South Africa: In recent years. South Africa has 

 been the only coastal African country which has 

 allowed Japanese trawling in its waters. Japanese 

 trawlers and longliners have operated in South Africa 



under a government-to-government agreement which 

 was concluded in December 1977. Japan received 

 allocations of approximately 33,000 t from South 

 Africa until 1986 when concerns over stocks and a 

 desire to "Soutli Africanize" the jack mackerel fishery 

 led to gradually reduced allocations (appendix K). A 

 total of 5 Japanese trawlers caught approximately 

 11,000 t of fish in South African waters in 1990 

 (appendices J and L). Tlie South African Government 

 has amiounced a total phase-out of foreign allocations 

 by 1993. This would mean the elimination of 

 Japanese trawlers from African coastal fisheries. 



F. Europe 



Portugal: Japanese tuna longliners secured access 

 to tuna in the Portuguese EEZ off the Madeira Islands 

 under an agreement reached in 1980. Tlie agreement 

 became void in 1 986 when Portugal became a member 

 of the European Conuiiunity (EC). Since that time, 

 Japanese longliners have secured access through 

 licenses issued by the EC. During 1990, 10 Japanese 

 longliners were pemiitted to catch 80 t of bluefin tuna. 



G. Latin America 



Argentina: Argentina allowed Japanese trawlers 

 access in 1978-79, but limited access to joint venture 

 operauons from 1980-87. In 1988-89, a total of 3 

 Japanese trawlers were granted access to Argentine 

 waters to conduct expU)ratory groundfish surimi 

 operations. The major Japanese fisheries company, 

 Nissui, is involved in two joint venture trawling 

 operations, and the smaller companies (Sakyu Shoten, 

 Kaiyo Gyogyo, and Kyosui) are also conducting joint 

 venture trawling operations (appendix XX). The 

 Japanese finu, S.A. Marine, began a squid jigging 

 venture in Argentina during 1988. As it did in Chile, 

 the Tokai Deiihu Company announced plans to begin 

 surimi production in Argentina in 1991."" Another 

 niajorJapane.se fisheries company, Nichiro, has a joint 

 venture with the Pionera company of Buenos Aires 

 which catches sea bream and shrimp using two fomier 

 Japanese trawlers."' 



Argentina has recently revised its fishing vessel 

 chartering regulations, peniiitting foreign vessels to fish 

 in the Argentine EEZ. This has allowed Japanese 

 squid jiggers to fish in Argentine waters instead of the 

 Falkland Islands. Japanese jiggers caught 81,000 t of 

 squid in Argentine waters during the 1992/93 season." 



42 



