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NMFS36. 

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 2126-2134. 



Marv M. Yoklavich 



Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies 



Mark O. Hatfield Marine Science Center 



Oregon State University. NewpoH, OR 97365 



Present address: 



Moss Landing Marine Laboratories 



P.O. Box 150 



Moss Landing. CA 9.5039 



Ellen K. Pikitch 



Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies 



Mark 0. Hatfield Marine Science Center 



Oregon State Unii'ersity, Newport. OR 97365 



Present address: 



Fisheries Research Institute 



School of Fisheries, University of Washington 



Seattle. \VA 98195 



Digestive-Gland Histology in Paralarval 

 Squids (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae). 



The transition from hatchling to adult in cepha- 

 lopods does not involve a radical metamorphosis 

 as is found in many other marine invertebrates 

 (Boletzky 1974), but distinctive changes occur 

 early in development (Vecchione 1979, 1981, 

 1982), similar to those found in fishes. The 

 highest, and perhaps the most variable, rates of 

 prespawning mortality in cephalopods occur dur- 

 ing this paralarval development. A recent re- 

 view of the early life history of cephalopods 

 (Vecchione 1987) presented evidence that star- 

 vation, resulting from failure to feed successfully 

 after absorption of the internal yolk, may be a 

 major cause of paralarval mortality. However, 

 other explanations, such as predation or sub- 

 optimal environmental conditions, may also ex- 

 plain high paralarval mortality rates. To test 

 among these alternatives, methods must be de- 

 veloped to determine whether paralarval squids 

 are suffering from starvation. 



Similar problems e.xist in ichthyoplankton 



Manuscript accepted July 1989. 



Fishery Bulletin, U.S. 87:995-1000, 1989. 



995 



