SMITH ET AL.: MORTALITY RATES OF SARDINE AND ANCHOVY EGGS OFF PERU 



Hewitt. R. P. 



1985. The 1984 spawning biomass of the northern 

 anchovy. Cahf. Coop. Oceanic Fish. Invest. Rep. 

 26:17-25. 

 Hjort, J. 



1926. Fluctuations in the year classes of important 

 food fishes. J. Cons. int. E.xplor. Mer 1:5-38. 

 Hunter, J. R. 



1980. The feeding behavior and ecologj- of marine fish 

 larvae. /)( J. E. Bardach, J. J. Magnuson, R. C. 

 May. and J. M. Reinhart (editors). Fish behavior, p. 

 287-330. ICLARM, Manila. 

 Hunter, J. R.. and H. Dorr. 



1982. Thresholds for filter feeding in northern an- 

 chovy. Engraulis mordax. CalCOFI Rep. 23:198- 

 204. 



Hunter, J. R., and C. A. Kimbrell. 



1980. Egg cannibalism in the northern anchovy. En- 

 graulis mordax. Fish. Bull. U.S. 78:811-816. 



Hunter, J. R.. and G. L. Thomas. 



1974. Effect of prey distribution and density on the 

 searching and feeding behavior of larval anchovy, En- 

 graulis mordax Girard. In J. H. S. Blaxter (editor), 

 The early life history of fish. p. 559-574. Springer- 

 Verlag. Berl. 



Lasker. R. 



1975. Field criteria for survival of anchovy larvae: the 

 relation between inshore chlorophyll ma.ximum layers 

 and successful first feeding. Fish. Bull., U.S. 

 73:453-462. 



1978. The relation between oceanogi-aphic conditions 

 and larval anchovy food in the California Current: 

 identification of factors contributing to recruitment 

 failure. Rapp. P.-v. Reun. CIEM 173:212-230. 



1981. The i-ole of a stable ocean in larval fish survival 

 and subsequent recruitment. In R. Lasker (editor), 

 Marine fish larvae: morphologv', ecology and relation 

 to fisheries, p. 80-87. Univ. Wash. Press. Seattle. 



1985. Introduction: An egg production method for 

 anchovy biomass assessment. In Reuben Lasker 

 (editor). An egg production method for estimating 

 spawTiing biomass of pelagic fish: Application to the 

 northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax, p. 1^. U.S. 

 Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 36. 

 Lasker, R., and A. MacCall. 



1983. New ideas on the fluctuations of the clupeoid 

 stocks off Cahfornia. In Canadian National Commit- 

 tee/Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research Pro- 

 ceedings of the Joint Oceanogi-aphic Assembly 1982- 

 General Sjinposia, p 110-120. Ottawa. Ont. 



Lasker, R., and P. E. Smith. 



1977. Estimation of the effects of environmental varia- 

 tions on the eggs and larvae of the northern an- 

 chovy. CalCOFI Rep. 19:128-137. 

 Leong, R. J. H. 



In press. Spei-m concentrations and egg fertilization 

 rates during spawTiing of captive anchovy. Engraulis 

 mordax. CalCOFI Rep. 30. 

 Lillelund, K., and R. Lasker. 



1971. Laboratory studies of predation by marine cope- 

 pods on fish larvae. Fish. Bull.. U.S. 69:655-667. 

 MacCall, A. D. 



1980. The consequences of cannibahsm in the stock- 

 recruitment relationship of planktivorous pelagic 

 fishes such as Engraulis. In G. Sharp (Rapp.), 

 Workshop on the effects of environmental variation on 



the survival of larval pelagic fishes, p. 201-220. 

 UNESCO Intergov. Oceanogr. Comm., Workshop 

 Rep. 28. 

 1983. Population models of habitat selection, with ap- 

 plication to the northern anchovy. Ph.D. Thesis, 

 Univ. California, San Diego, 170 p. 



McGurk, M. D. 



1987. Natural mortahty and spatial patchiness: reply 

 to Gulland. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 39:201-206. 



Murphy, G. I. 



1966. Population biolog>' of the Pacific sardine {Sar- 

 dinops caerulea). Proc. of the Calif. Acad. Sci. 

 34:1-84. 



O'Connell, C. P. 



1972. The interrelation of biting and filtering in the 

 feeding activity of the northern anchovy (Engraulis 

 mordax). .J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 29:285-293. 



Pauly, D. 



1987. Managing the Peruvian upwelling ecosystem: a 

 synthesis. In D. Pauly and I. Tsukayama (editors). 

 The Peruvian anchoveta and its upwelling ecosystem: 

 three decades of change, p. 325-342. ICLARM 

 Studies and Reviews Vol. 15, Manila. 



Pauly, D., and M. Soriano. 



1987. Monthly spavniing stock and egg production of 

 Peruvian anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) 1953- 

 1982. In D. Pauly and I. Tsukayama (editors), the 

 Peruvian anchoveta and its upwelling ecosystem: 

 three decades of change, p. 167-178. ICLARM 

 Studies and Reviews Vol. 15, Manila. 



Peterman, R. ,M., and M. J. Bradford. 



1987. Wind speed and mortahty rate of a marine fish, 

 the northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax. Science 

 (Wash. D.C.) 235:3.5413.56. 



Peterman, R. M., M. J. Bradford, N. C. H. Lo. and R. D. 

 Methot. 



1988. Contribution of early life stages to interannual 

 variability in recruitment of northern anchovy (En- 

 graulis morda.r). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 45:8-16. 



Picquelle, S. J., and R. P. Hewitt. 



1983. The northern anchovy spawning biomass for the 

 1982-83 California fishing season. Calif. Coop. 

 Oceanic Fish. Invest. Rep. 24:1(3-28. 



1984. The 1983 spawTiing biomass of the northern an- 

 chovy. Calif. Coop. Oceanic Fish. Invest. Rep. 

 25:16-27. 



Picquelle, S. J., and G. D. Stauffer. 



1985. Parameter estimation for an egg production 

 method of northern anchovy biomass assessment. In 

 R. Lasker (editor). An egg production method for 

 estimating spawniing biomass of pelagic fish: applica- 

 tion to the northern anchovy (Engraulis morda.r), p. 

 7-15 U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 

 36. 



Ricker, W. E. 



1954. Stock and recruitment. J. Fish. Res. Board 

 Can. 11:559-623. 

 Santander H. 



1981. Patrones de distribucion y fluctuaciones de 

 desoves de anchoveta y sardina. Bol. Inst. Mar Peru 

 (Callao) Vol. Extraordinario: 180-192. 



1987. Relationship between anchoveta egg standing 

 stock of parent biomass off Peru, 4-14" S. In D. 

 Pauly and I. Tsukayama (editor), The Peruvian an- 

 choveta and its upwelling ecosystem: three decades of 

 change, p. 179-207. ICLARM Studies and Reviews 



507 



