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Fishery Bulletin 89(2). 1991 



anterior margin of the upper eye. The two species differ 

 in that S. civitatium lacks a pupillary operculum (ver- 

 sus a weakly-developed pupillary operculum usually 

 present in S. melanurus), has fewer scales in a longi- 

 tudinal series (66-83 vs. 89-108 in 5. melanurus), and 

 S. civitatium has an unpigmented or only lightly-pig- 

 mented inner lining on the blind-side opercle (versus 

 darkly-pigmented inner lining on the blind-side oper- 

 cle in S. melanurus). Symphurus civitatium differs 

 from the remaining four eastern Pacific species that 

 have comparable meristic values in lacking a pupillary 

 operculum (present in the others) and in having a fleshy 

 ridge on the ocular-side lower jaw (absent in the 

 others). Symphurus civitatium is further distinguished 

 from S. fasciolaris and 5. melasmatotheca in possess- 

 ing 12 caudal fin rays (versus 10 and 11 in 5. fasciolaris 

 and S. melasmatotheca, respectively) and in lacking an 

 ocellated spot on the caudal fin (present in S. fascio- 

 laris) or pigmented peritoneum (present in S. melas- 

 matotheca). Symphurus civitatium differs further from 

 S. atricaudus and S. williamsi in lacking small ctenoid 

 scales on the blind sides of the dorsal and anal fin rays 

 (present in these other species). From S. leei, S. 

 civitatium is further distinguished in having the head 

 length considerably smaller than the body depth (ver- 

 sus head length nearly equal with body depth in S. leei), 

 in having a smaller eye (13-21 SL vs. 22-27 SL in S. 

 leei), and in having an unpigmented peritoneum (ver- 

 sus black in S. leei). 



Material examined 298 specimens (22.0-149.0 mm 

 SL). 



Counted and measured (30 specimens, 48.8-149.0 mm SL). 

 Southeastern United States. North Carolina: USNM 157403; 

 Paratype (109); 35°21'10", 75°22'40"; 26m; 19 Oct 1884. Florida: 

 TU 75907; 3(131-136); 27°35'04"N, 80°04'04"W; 26m; 5 Sep 

 1965. UF 13062; (130); 28°35.5'N, 80°08'W; 62m; 21 Feb 1965. 

 USNM 154946; Paratype (139); Cape Canaveral; 18 m; 4 Apr 1940. 

 Gulf of Mexico. Alabama: ALA 3015; 3(75.5-85.2); to 30m; 1968. 

 Mississippi: ALA 606.29; (94.4); Horn Island; Jul-Aug 1958. 

 FMNH 45979; (110); 29°22'N, 88°40'W; 51 m; 22 Oct 1953. Loui- 

 siana: USNM 155227; Holotype(llO); 29°06'30"N, 89°40'W; 17m; 

 8 Jul 1938. USNM 313647; 2(48.8-72.2); Calcasieu Lake (ca. 30°N, 

 93°W); Feb 1982. Texas: FMNH 45109; 3(138-149); 27°43'N, 

 96°51'W; 27m; 26 Sep 1950. USNM 313646; 9(88.6-108); 3 mi. off- 

 shore. Port Aransas (ca. 28°N, 97°W); 15m; 16 Sep 1982. Mexico: 

 I.MS 544; 3(121-130); W Campeche; 27m; 22-29 Jul 1951. UMML 

 34365; (130); 20°12'N, 91°40'W; 37 m; 11 Dec 1952. 



Counted paratypes (148 specimens, 41 lots). Gulf of Mexico. 

 Florida: USNM 86153; (120); St. Joseph's Bay; 27 Jan 1917. 

 Alabama: USNM 157402; (117); Mobile; 13m; 7 Feb 1917. Loui- 

 siana: USNM 86140; (120); Calcasieu Pass; 9 m; 15 Feb 1917. 

 USNM 154945; 3(122-130); 28°54'N, 91°41.5'W; 18 m; 1 1 Jul 1938. 

 USNM 154947; 5(110-123); 28°55.5'N, 91°46'W; 18m; 11 Jul 1938. 

 USNM 154948; 2(120-124); 28°58'N, 91°40.5'W; 16m; 12 Nov 1938. 

 USNM 154949; 2(105-129); 28°41.5'N, 91°10'W; 15m: 11 Nov 1938. 

 USNM 154950; 2(122-124); 28°47'N, 91°21.5'W; 11 Jul 1938. 

 I fSNM 154951; (126); 29°12'N, 89°50.5'W; 13m; 8 Jul 1938. USNM 

 154952; (117); 28°43'N, griS'W; 15m; 11 Jul 1938. USNM 154953; 



2(102-105); 29°12.5'N, 89°57'W; 7m; 10 Jul 1938. USNM 154954; 

 3(114-118); 28°35.5'N, 91°01.5'W; 22m; 13 Jul 1938. USNM 

 155226; (114); 28°45'N, 91°17.5'W; 16m; 11 Jul 1938. USNM 157399; 

 3(109-121); Grand Terre; 2 Jul 1930. USNM 157400; 3(99.7-118); 

 Grand Terre; 27 Jun 1930. Texas: USNM 86139; 2(118-126); Aran- 

 sas Pass; 15m; 5 Mar 1917. USNM 120081; (111); Galveston; 1941. 

 USNM 120082; (81.5); Aransas Pass; 7 Aug 1941. USNM 157401; 

 (117); Galveston; 10 m; 26-27 Feb 1917. 



Counted (non-type material). Southeastern United States. 

 Florida: UMML 34342; 3(136-140); 28°34'N, 80°15'W; 42 m; 19 Nov 

 1964. USNM 274484; (117); 28°13.5'N, 80°21"W; 22m; 14 Nov 1963. 

 USNM 291316; (132.0); 28°13'N, 80°21'W; 22m; 14 Nov 1963. 

 USNM 291317; 13(114-142); 28°13'N, 80°21'W; 22m; 14 Nov 1963. 

 UMML 34343; (131); 28°12'N, 80°05'W; 60 m; 14 Mar 1965. UMML 

 34344; (118); 27°57N, 80°03'W; 55m; 28 Sep 1963. Gulf of Mexico. 

 Alabama: ALA 301.17; 2(85.4-94.3); Dauphin Island; 28 Sep 1952. 

 ALA 353.05; (108); Mobile Ship Channel; 6 Sep 1951. ALA 2385; 

 13(85.8-103); Dauphin Island; 15 Jul-20 Aug 1966. Texas: TCWC 

 4187.4; (100); 29°10'N, 94°30'W; 14m; 28 Sep 1973. TCWC 4189.21; 

 18(97.8-124); 28°26'N, 95°23'W; 28m; 29 Sep 1973. TCWC 

 4195.31; 9; 28°25N, 95°18'W; 35m; 31 Oct 1973. UMML 34345; 

 (128); 28°07'N, 95°53'W; 37m; 26 Jan 1958. Mexico: FMNH 

 45427; 7(126-140); 20°18'N, 91°48'W; 42 m; 7 Dec 1952. UMML 

 34366; (130); 20°12'N, 91°40'W; 37m; 11 Dec 1952. USNM 157693 

 5(117-126); 20°05'N, 91°28'W; 31 m; 26 Aug 1951. USNM 157694 

 3(128-132); 20°05'N, 91°28'W; 31m; 26 Aug 1951. USNM 291318 

 (127); Campeche, Yucatan, 20°05'N, 91°28'W; 31m; 26 Aug 1951. 

 FMNH 46369; 11(115-138); 19°48'N, 91°20'W; 25 Aug 1951. GCRL 

 16383; 2(76.0-86.5); Lagunas de Terminos, Punta Zachtal, Cam- 

 peche; 17 Nov 1970. IMS 543; 16(126-142); Pta Frontera; 31 m; 29 

 Jul-6 Aug 1951. USNM 274485; (132); N of Soto La Marina; 15 

 Mar 1947. 



Other material examined (120 specimens, 22 lots). Bermuda: 

 ANSP 137573; (79.3); washed onto shore. Southeastern United 

 States. North Carolina: 3(22-24); Cape Fear River; Aug 1981; (un- 

 catalogued reference specimens, CP&L Biol. Lab., Southport, NC 

 28461). Florida: UF 35486; (125); 29°58.1'N, 81°16.9'W; 14m. 

 TU 92501; 25(82.0-120); 29°11'05"N, 80°53'05"W; 12m; 24 Feb 1970. 

 UMML 34346; 3(118-134); 28°22'N, 80°05'W; 60m; 14 Mar 1965. 

 Gulf of Mexico. Florida: ANSP 94305; (25.0); Key West; 1 m; 21 

 Mar 1958. Mississippi: FMNH 45980; 2(110-120); 28°45'N, 89° 

 15'W; 60m; 23 Oct 1953. FMNH 86369; (113); 29°42'N, 88°29'W 

 37 m; 10 Aug 1951. TU 5374; 18(113-137); 29°14.4'N, 88°52.4'W 

 32m; 11 Aug 1952. TCWC 2251.1; (126); 29°09'N, 88°52'W; 73m 

 10-16 Dec 1963. Alabama: FMNH 89568; 2(119-121); 29°42'N 

 88°29'W; 37 m; 10 Aug 1951. ALA 798.14; 2(108-110); Gulf Shores 

 Breton Island; 3 Aug 1959. UF 70946; (115); 29°41'N, 88°14.5'W 

 45m; 22 Jul 1971. USA 1905; 25(91.9-122); 29°57'N, 87°54'W 

 26m; 20 Apr 1975. Louisiana: ANSP 55825; (125); Breton Island 

 Nov 1930. BMNH 1931.11.5:75; 1; Reversed Specimen; Breton 

 Island. FMNH 45981; 2(109-119); 28°56'N, 89°09'W; 59m; 25 Oct 

 1953. Texas: CAS-SU 40556; (133.4); Freeport; 28 Apr 1940. 

 FMNH 79851; 3(139-152); 27°43'N, 96°53'W; 26m; 14 Dec 1950. 

 UMMZ 199071; 5(46.0-57.3); 8-9 Apr 1939. USA 4070; 20(111- 

 127); 10 mi. SSE Port Aransas; 3 Dec 1975. Mexico: GCRL 16384; 

 (32.7); Laguna el Carmen, Tabasco; 2 Mar 1978. 



