Oda: Egg and larval development of Paralichthys califomicus and Xystreurys liolepis 



401 



proceeded (reared specimens of Xystreurys liolepis 

 older than early preflexion were not available for 

 study). Reared specimens of P. califomicus usually 

 reflected the characteristic pigmentation patterns 

 described from the field material, but the melanophores 

 occurred in greater numbers and typically were more 

 dendritic and heavily expressed. The eyed side of 

 reared late-postflexion P. califomicus larvae was 

 covered with large dendritic melanophores obscuring 

 most of the pigmentation characteristic of the field- 

 collected larvae; however, the patterns were visible on 

 the blind side. Furthermore, it appeared that reared 

 larvae acquired pigmentation characteristics at an 

 earlier developmental stage than did their field- 

 collected counterparts. 



The larval stages of three other species of Paralich- 

 thys— P. dentatus (Smith and Fahay 1970), P. microps 

 (Munoz et al. 1988), and P. olivaceus (Pertseva-Ostrou- 

 mova 1961, Okiyama 1967)— have been described. Lar- 

 vae of P. dentatus and P. olivaceus hatch, undergo 

 flexion, and transform at larger sizes than Paralich- 

 thys califomicus. Larval size at hatching and at eye 

 migration are similar for P. califomicus and P. 

 microps. All four species share the development of ap- 

 proximately five elongate, pigmented dorsal rays. 

 Paralichthys olivaceus, P. dentatus, and P. califomicus 

 develop a series of sphenotic and preopercular spines. 

 Opercular spines, not reported for P. dentatus, are 

 present on both P. olivaceus and P. califomicus. 

 (Sphenotic and opercular spines were not reported in 

 the description of P. microps.) 



Acknowledgments 



I would like to thank the following people for their help: 

 S. Caddell, D. Chandler, R. Feeney, M. Fahay, 

 L. Jurkevics, R. Lavenberg, G. McGowen, G. Moser, 

 J. Rounds, B. Stevens, N. Singleton, W. Watson, 

 R. Woodsum, and the Natural History Museum of Los 

 Angeles County. I especially want to thank Lori Grove 

 for illustrating the larvae. 



For financial support I thank Research and Develop- 

 ment, the Southern California Edison Company. 



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