FISHES OF THE GULF OF MAINE 3 



True fishes — Continued. 



The bony fishes — Continued. Page 



The lanternfishes. Family Myctophidoe 149 



Lanternfish (.Elhoprora effulgens Goode and Bean) 149 



Family Stomiatidoe 151 



Pearlsides (Maurolicus pennanti Walbaum) 151 



Viperfish (Chauliodus sloanei Bloch and Schneider) 153 



Cyclothone (Cyclothone signata Garman) 153 



The laneetfishes. Family Alepisauridae 154 



Lancetfish (Alepisaurus fcrox Gill) 154 



The mummichogs or killifishes. Family Pcecilidae 155 



Common mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus Linnaeus) 156 



Striped mummichog (Fundulus majalis Walbaum) 158 



Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegat us Lac£pede) 159 



The billfishes. Family Belonida; 161 



Silver gar (Tylosurus marinus Walbaum) 161 



The halfbeaks. Family Hemiramphidae 163 



Half beak (Hyporhamphus roberti Cuvier and Valenciennes) 163 



The needlefishes. Family Scomberesocidce 164 



Needlefish (Scomberesox saurus Walbaum) 164 



The sticklebacks. Family Gasterosteida? 166 



Nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius Linnaeus) 167 



Three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculealus Linnaeus) 168 



Two-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus bispinosus Walbaum) 171 



Four-spined stickleback (Apeltes quadrants Mitchill) 171 



The trumpetfishes. Family Fistulariidae 173 



Trumpetfish (Fistularia tabacaria Linnaeus) 173 



The pipefishes. Family Syngnathidae 174 



Pipefish (Siphosloma fuscum Storer) 175 



The sea horses. Family Hippocampidae 177 



Sea horse (Hippocampus hudsonius DeKay) 177 



The silversides. Family Atherinidae 178 



Silverside (Menidia notata Mitchill) 179 



Waxen silverside (Menidia beryllina cerea Kendall) 181 



The mullets. Family Mugilidae 182 



Mullet (Mugil cephalus, Linnaeus) 182 



The sand launces. Family Ammodytidae 183 



Sand launce (Ammodytes americanus DeKa.v) 183 



The mackerels. Family Scombridae 187 



Mackerel (Scomber scombrus Linnaeus) 18S 



Chub mackerel (Pneumatophorus colias Gmelin) 209 



Striped bonito (Gymnosarda pelamis Linnaeus) 211 



Tuna (Thunnus thynnus Linnaeus) 212 



Common bonito (Sarda sarda Bloch) J 215 



Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculalus Mitchill) 217 



King mackerel (Scomberomorus regalis Bloch) 219 



The escolars. Family Gempylidae 220 



Escolar (Ruvellus pretiosus Cocco) 220 



The cutlasfishes. Family Trichiuridae 220 



Cutlasfish (Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus) 220 



The swordfishes. Family Xiphiidae 221 



Swordfish (Xiphias gladius Linnaeus) 221 



