6 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES 



True fishes — Continued. 



The bony fishes — Continued. 



The silver hakes and cods — Continued. Page 



Squirrel hake (Urophyds chuss Walbaum) 447 



Spotted hake (Urophyds regius Walbaum) 455 



Long-finned hake (Urophyds chested Goode and Bean) 456 



Hakeling (Physiculus fulvus Bean) 457 



Four-bearded rockling (Enchelyopus cimbrius Linnaeus) 458 



Cusk (Brosmius brosme Miiller) 462 



The grenadiers. Family Macrouridae 467 



Common grenadier (Macrourus bairdii Goode and Bean) 468 



Smooth-spined grenadier (Macrourus berglax Lac6pede) 470 



Long-nosed grenadier (Ccelorhynchus carminatus Goode) 471 



The flounders and soles. Families Pleuronectidae and Soleidae 472 



Halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus Linnaeus) 473 



Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides Walbaum) 481 



American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides Fabricius) 482 



Summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus Linnaeus) 491 



Four-spotted flounder (Paralichthys oblongus Mitchill) 494 



Rusty dab (Limanda ferruginea Storer) 495 



Winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus Walbaum) 501 



Georges Bank flounder (Pseudopleuronectes dignabilis Kendall) 507 



Smooth flounder (Liopsetta putnami Gill) 508 



Witch flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus Linnaeus) 511 



Sand flounder (Lophopsetta maculata Mitchill) 516 



Gulf Stream flounder (Citharichthys arclifrons Goode) 521 



Hogchoker (Achirus fasdalus Lace'pede) 522 



The anglers. Family Lophiidae 524 



Goosefish (Lophius piscatorius Linnaeus) 524 



Bibliography 533 



Addenda 551 



Index 555 



INTRODUCTION 



In the summer of 1912 the Bureau of Fisheries, with the cooperation of the 

 Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard University, undertook an oceano- 

 graphic and biological survey of the Gulf of Maine, with special reference to its 

 fishes and floating plants and animals (plankton), its physical and chemical state, 

 and the circulation of its waters. Subsequent cruises were made on the fisheries 

 schooner Grampus during the summers and autumns of 1913, 1914, 1915, and 1916, 

 and during the winters and springs of 1913 and 1915. The work was interrupted by 

 the war, but was resumed with a cruise of the fisheries steamer Albatross in the late 

 winter and spring of 1920 and continued by the fisheries steamer Halcyon during 

 the winter and spring of 1920-21 and the summers of 1921 and 1922. Several 

 reports on special phases of the survey have been published, but not until 1920 

 did the body of data warrant undertaking a general account of the fish fauna, general 

 biology, and oceanography of the Gulf, of which the present memoir is the first part. 



In the division of labor the preparation of the section on the fishes was assigned 

 to my coworker, W. W. Welsh, who had given special attention to this phase of the 

 work throughout all the years of the survey, both on the regular oceanographic 

 cruises and on many trips on commercial fishing vessels, in the course of which he 



